Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini elitsha lezithuthi zamandla, ilizwe lam libe lilizwe elisemdeni kwimveliso kunye nokuthengisa izithuthi zamandla amatsha. Ukuveliswa kunye nokuthengiswa kweebhetri zamandla zinyuka unyaka nonyaka. Ukubuyiswa kweebhetri zamandla kusondele kwaye uluntu lunikela ingqalelo enkulu.

Izithuthi zamandla amatsha zinobomi benkonzo. Ukuba ibhetri yamandla esithuthi sombane ilahlwa ngokungafanelekanga emva kokulahlwa, iya kuzisa impembelelo yokusingqongileyo kunye nemingcipheko yokhuseleko kuluntu kwelinye icala, kunye nenkcitho yemithombo kwelinye icala. Ke ngoko, ukurisayikilisha kweebhetri zamandla kwizithuthi zamandla amatsha kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukurisayikilishwa kwebhetri ye-lithium yamandla kubhekiselele kumbindi wokurisayikilishwa kweebhetri zamandla ezilahliweyo, ukurisayikilishwa kwakhona kwenikeli, icobalt, imanganese, ubhedu, ialuminiyam, i-lithium kunye nezinye izinto ezikwibhetri ngokwenkqubo yetekhnoloji, emva koko ziphinde zisetyenziswe ezi mathiriyeli zibuyela kwipakethi yebhetri yelithium. kwaye siyisebenzise izithuthi zamandla amatsha.

Kwinqanaba lokuqala loshishino, uphuhliso lwenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo

Njengebala elivelayo, ukurisayikilishwa kwebhetri yamandla kusekwisiqalo. Ukuze komelezwe ulawulo lokurisayikilishwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweebhetri zombane kwizithuthi zamandla amatsha, ukubeka emgangathweni uphuhliso loshishino, nokukhuthaza ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kwemithombo yobutyebi, urhulumente ukhuphe inani lemigaqo-nkqubo kunye nemilinganiselo.

NgoJanuwari 2018, uMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi, iBureau yaMandla, iSebe lezoKhuseleko lokuSingqongileyo kunye namanye amasebe ngokuhlangeneyo akhuphe “Amanyathelo eThutyana oLawulo lokuRecycling kunye nokuSetyenziswa kweebhetri zaMandla kwiZithuthi zaMandla amatsha.”

Ukubhengezwa “kweMiqathango yeThutyana yoLawulo lokuRisayikilishwa nokuSetyenziswa kweebhetri zaMandla kwiZithuthi zaMandla amatsha” kunika isiqinisekiso esibalulekileyo sophuhliso olusempilweni lokurisayikilishwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweebhetri zamandla kwizithuthi zamandla amatsha. Ukwenzela ukukhuthaza ngcono ukuphunyezwa “kweMilinganiselo yoLawulo”, amasebe alandelayo afanelekileyo akhuphe “iMithetho yeThutyana yoLawulo lokuRecycling esetyenzisiweyo kunye nokulandelelwa kweebhetri zaMandla kwiZithuthi zaMandla amatsha.”

Iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokurisayikilisha zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo

Ibhetri yamandla lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lwemveliso. Iibhetri zeLithium zisebenzisa i-oxide yensimbi efakwe i-lithium ion njenge-electrodes ukudlulisa i-lithium ion ukugqiba intlawulo kunye nokukhupha. Iibhetri zeLithium ngokuqhelekileyo zenziwe nge-electrode evumayo, i-electrode engalunganga, isahluli, kunye ne-electrolyte.

Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa bokurisayikilisha iibhetri zamandla, ezifanelekileyo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo.

(1) I-Pyrometallurgy

Ibhetri ye-lithium yenkunkuma itshiswe kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu, kwaye i-powder ecocekileyo equkethe isinyithi kunye ne-oxide yensimbi ifunyenwe ngokutyumzwa komatshini okulula.

Iimpawu zenkqubo: Inkqubo ilula kwaye ilungele ukusetyenzwa okukhulu; kodwa ukutsha kwe-electrolyte yebhetri kunye namanye amacandelo kunokubangela lula ukungcoliseka komoya. Inkqubo ye-pyrometallurgical iboniswe kumzobo.

(2) Inkqubo edibeneyo yokubuyisela kwakhona

Ngokwandisa ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo ezidityanisiweyo zokurisayikilishwa, iingenelo zenkqubo nganye esisiseko zingasetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kwaye iinzuzo zoqoqosho zokurisayikilishwa zinokwandiswa.

(3) I-Hydrometallurgy

Emva kokuba iibhetri zenkunkuma ziphukile, zichithwa ngokukhethiweyo kunye nee-reagents zemichiza ezifanelekileyo zokwahlula izinto zetsimbi kwi-leachate. Iimpawu zenkqubo: ukuzinza kakuhle kwenkqubo, ilungele ukubuyiswa kweebhetri ze-lithium ezincinci kunye nobukhulu obuphakathi; kodwa ixabiso liphezulu, kwaye ulwelo oluyinkunkuma lufuna unyango olongezelelekileyo.

(4) Ukuqhaqha umzimba

Emva kokutyumza, ukuhlutha, ukuhlukana kwamagnetic, ukugaya kakuhle, kunye nokuhlelwa kwepakethi yebhetri, izinto eziphezulu zifunyenwe, kwaye emva koko inyathelo elilandelayo lokuphinda lisetyenziswe. Iimpawu zenkqubo: Inkqubo ihambelana kakhulu nendalo kwaye ayiyi kuvelisa ungcoliseko lwesibini; kodwa ukusebenza kakuhle kuphantsi kwaye kuthatha ixesha elide.

Ukukhuthaza imfuno yentengiso yezithuthi zamandla amatsha

Ukukhuthazwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kuye kwaba yinto eqhelekileyo yehlabathi. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, i-China iye yakhuthaza kwaye yandisa ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zombane. Ngokunyuka okukhawulezayo kwemarike yemoto yamandla entsha, imfuno yebhetri ye-lithium yamandla nayo ilandele.

Ngokwezibalo, imarike yezithuthi zamandla entsha yelizwe lam ikhule ngokukhawuleza kwiminyaka yakutshanje. Phakathi kwabo, ukuthengiswa kwenyuka ukusuka kwi-18,000 kwi-2013 ukuya kwi-777,000 kwi-2017, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka we-4216.7%. Kuze kube kulo nyaka, nangona impembelelo yohlengahlengiso lwenkxaso-mali, ukuthengiswa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kuye kwagcina ukukhula okukhawulezayo. Ukususela ngoJanuwari ukuya ku-Agasti, intengiso eyongezelelweyo yezithuthi zamandla amatsha yafikelela kwi-601,000, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka kwe-88%. Ngo-2018, iChina kulindeleke ukuba ithengise i-1.5 yezigidi zeemoto zamandla amatsha.

Ukongezelela, ngokwedatha evela kwiSebe loKhuseleko loLuntu, ukususela ekupheleni kukaJuni, inani leemoto e-China laliyi-319 yezigidi, apho inani leemoto laliyi-229 yezigidi. Ekupheleni kwesiqingatha sokuqala salo nyaka, inani lezithuthi zamandla amatsha kweli lizwe lifikelele kwi-1.99 yezigidi, ezibalelwa kuphela malunga ne-0.9% yenani elipheleleyo leemoto, kwaye kukho indawo eninzi yokukhula.

Umphumo wokukhuthaza izithuthi zamandla amatsha uyamangalisa, kwaye imfuno yokuvelisa ibhetri ye-lithium yamandla yomelele. Idatha yakutshanje ibonisa ukuba ngoJulayi 2018, umthamo ofakwe kwiibhetri ze-lithium kwimarike yemoto yasekhaya yamandla entsha yayiyi-3.4GWh, ukwanda kwe-16% ngenyanga-ngenyanga kunye nokunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka we-30%; Umthamo ofakelweyo owongezelekayo ukusuka kuJanuwari ukuya kuJulayi ube yi-18.9GWh, ukunyuka konyaka-ngonyaka nge-126%.

Ngokuqhubeka nokuthandwa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha kwixesha elizayo, ukuveliswa kwamandla ebhetri ye-lithium kuya kuqhubeka nokunyuka, kwaye izinga lokukhula liya kuncipha. Kuqikelelwa ukuba ngo-2020, umthamo ofakiweyo webhetri ye-lithium yamandla aseTshayina uya kudlula i-140GWh. Njengoko iibhetri ze-lithium zamandla zingena kwiimarike, inani elikhulu leebhetri ezithathe umhlalaphantsi liya kuchithwa emva kokufikelela ekupheleni kobomi babo benkonzo. Uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwentengiso yezithuthi zamandla amatsha kunye nokunyuka kweebhetri ze-lithium zamandla kuzise imfuno enkulu kushishino lokuphinda kusetyenziswe ibhetri ye-lithium.

Imakethi yamandla ebhetri ye-lithium inethemba elibanzi kwaye isikali semarike sikhulu

Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukuveliswa kunye nokuthengiswa kweebhetri zamandla kuye kwanda unyaka nonyaka, kwaye inani elikhulu leebhetri lijongene ne-scrap kunye ne-scrap. Kuqikelelwa ukuba kubalo olubanzi lwexesha lewaranti yenkampani, ubomi bomjikelo webhetri, kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa kwesithuthi, ibhetri yamandla emoto entsha iya kungena kumhlala-phantsi omkhulu emva kowama-2018, kwaye kulindeleke ukuba idlule iitoni ezingama-200,000 (24.6GWh) ) ngo-2020. Ukongezelela, ukuba i-70% ingasetyenziselwa ukusetyenziswa kwe-echelon, malunga neetoni ezingama-60,000 zeebhetri ziya kuchithwa.

Ukonyuka okukhawulezayo komyinge wokuthatha umhlala-phantsi kwebhetri kuzise imarike enkulu kushishino lokuphinda kusetyenziswe ibhetri ye-lithium.

Izinga lemarike yokurisayikilisha eyenziwe ngokufumana kwakhona i-cobalt, i-nickel, i-manganese, i-lithium, i-iron, i-aluminiyam, njl.

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zebhetri ze-lithium zamandla zinemixholo yesinyithi eyahlukeneyo, ehambelana nezixa ezahlukeneyo kunye namaxabiso eentsimbi ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe. Kuqikelelwa ukuba kwi-2018, kwiibhetri ze-lithium zamandla esanda kulahlwa, ukusetyenziswa kwe-nickel enokuphinda kusetyenziswe i-nickel iphezulu kwiitoni ze-18,000. Emva kokubala, ixabiso elihambelana ne-nickel lokuphinda lisetyenziswe lifikelele kwi-1.4 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-nickel, izinga lokubuyisela i-lithium lincinci, kodwa ixabiso lokubuyisela liphezulu kakhulu kune-nickel, lifikelela kwi-2.6 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan. Ukwandisa ubuninzi bamandla kwiibhetri ze-lithium ukuya ngaphezu kwe-400Wh / kg kuya kwandisa kakhulu i-mileage yezithuthi zombane. Ukuthatha i-BAIC EV200 njengomzekelo, ibhetri ye-400Wh/kg ilingana noxinzelelo lwevolumetric yamandla ngaphezulu kwe-800Wh/L. Ngelixa ugcina umthamo webhetri ekhoyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla eekhilomitha ezili-100 ngetoni nganye engatshintshiyo, intlawulo enye ayinakuhlala kuphela iikhilomitha ezingama-620; inokunciphisa iindleko, ukwandisa ubomi benkonzo, kwaye isombulule ingxaki yokwahlukana okukhulu komsebenzi phakathi kwezithuthi zombane kunye neenqwelo zamafutha. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, uLi Hong uthe kudliwanondlebe nentatheli evela kwiSayensi kunye neTekhnoloji yeDaily.

Njengoko isithuthi samandla esitsha samandla e-lithium ibhetri yophando kunye nophuhliso likhonkco elibalulekileyo kuyo yonke i-layout, umsebenzi weprojekthi kukuphuhlisa ubuninzi bamandla ebhetri kwi-industrial chain engaphezu kwe-400 wh / kg, kunye nokuqokelela. ukuqonda imiba engundoqo yenzululwazi engundoqo kunye nobuchwepheshe obuphambili , Kwaye inike ireferensi ebalulekileyo kunye nesikhokelo kuphuhliso lwenkampani ngaxeshanye lwe-300 wh/kg iibhetri.

Kule projekthi, ubomi obude bebhetri ye-lithium izixhobo ezintsha kunye nenkqubo entsha ye-R&D iqela lenza umsebenzi wokucela umngeni kumandla ebhetri.