Kubva mabhatiri e-lithium-ion apinda mumusika, ave achishandiswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwemabhenefiti ehupenyu hwakareba, hombe chaiyo hukuru, uye hapana ndangariro mhedzisiro. Kudzikira kwekushisa kushandiswa kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion kune matambudziko akadai sekuderera kwesimba, kuderera kwakakomba, kutadza kutenderera kwekuita, kuoneka kwe lithium deposition, uye unbalanced lithium extraction. Zvisinei, nekuenderera mberi kwekuwedzera kweminda yekushandiswa, zvipingamupinyi zvinokonzerwa nekushaya kutsika kwekushisa kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion zviri kuramba zvichionekwa.

Sekureva kwemishumo, simba rekuburitsa mabhatiri e-lithium-ion pa -20 ° C inongoita 31.5% yeiyo patembiricha yekamuri. Tembiricha yekushanda yemabhatiri e-lithium-ion echinyakare ari pakati pe -20 ne +55 °C. Nekudaro, muminda yeaerospace, indasitiri yemauto, mota dzemagetsi, nezvimwe, bhatiri rinodiwa kuti rishande zvakajairika pa -40 ° C. Nokudaro, zvakakosha zvikuru kuvandudza kuderera-kupisa zvinhu zveLi-ion mabhatiri.

Zvinhu Zvinotadzisa Kudzika Kwekushisa Kuita kweLi-ion Mabhatiri

Munzvimbo yakadzika tembiricha, viscosity ye electrolyte inowedzera uye inoomesa zvishoma, zvichikonzera kuderera kweiyo conductivity ye lithium-ion mabhatiri.

Iko kugarisana pakati pe electrolyte neiyo yakaipa electrode uye separator inova murombo munzvimbo yakaderera tembiricha.

Iyo negative electrode yelithium-ion bhatiri ine yakakomba lithium precipitation pasi peyakadzika tembiricha nharaunda, uye precipitated metal lithium inopindirana neelectrolyte, uye kuiswa kwayo kwechigadzirwa kunounza kuwedzera kwehukobvu hweiyo solid-electrolyte interface (SEI).

Munzvimbo yakadzika tembiricha, iyo diffusion system yeLi-ion mabhatiri mune inoshanda zvinhu inoderera, uye iyo yekuchaja yekufambisa kuramba (Rct) inowedzera zvakanyanya.

Hurukuro pamusoro peZvinhu Zvinokonzera Kuderera Kwekupisa Kuita kweLi-ion Battery

Maonero enyanzvi 1: Electrolyte ine simba guru pakudzika-tembiricha kushanda kwemabhatiri e-lithium-ion, uye kuumbwa uye physicochemical properties ye electrolyte ine simba rinokosha pakuderera-kupisa kwebhatiri. Matambudziko anotarisana nebhatiri kutenderera pakudziya kwakadzika ndeaya: viscosity ye electrolyte ichawedzera, uye iyo ion conduction kumhanya inononoka, zvichikonzera kusawirirana kweyerekitironi kutama kumhanya kwedunhu rekunze, saka bhatiri rakanyanya polarized, uye kubhadharisa uye kubuda simba kunoderedzwa zvakanyanya. Kunyanya kana ichichaja pane tembiricha yakaderera, lithium ions inogadzira nyore lithium dendrites pamusoro peiyo negative electrode, zvichikonzera kutadza kwebhatiri.

Iko kuderera kwekushisa kwekuita kwe electrolyte kwakanyatsoenderana nehukuru hwe conductivity ye electrolyte pachayo. Iyo electrolyte ine high conductivity inotumira maion nekukasira uye inogona kuita huwandu hwakawanda pakudziya kwakaderera. Kunyanya kuparadzaniswa neti lithium munyu mu electrolyte, iyo inowedzera nhamba yevanotama uye inowedzera conductivity. Iyo yakakwirira yemagetsi conductivity, kukurumidza kweiyoni conduction rate, kushoma kwepolarization, uye zvirinani kuita kwebhatiri pakudziya kwakaderera. Naizvozvo, yakakwirira yemagetsi conductivity chinhu chinodiwa kuti uwane yakanaka yakaderera-tembiricha kuita kwe lithium-ion mabhatiri.

Iyo conductivity ye electrolyte inobatana nekuumbwa kwe electrolyte, uye kuderedza viscosity ye solvent ndiyo imwe yenzira dzekuvandudza conductivity ye electrolyte. Iyo yakanaka fluidity yezvinonyungudutsa pane yakaderera tembiricha ndiyo vimbiso yekutakura ion, uye iyo yakasimba electrolyte firimu inoumbwa neelectrolyte payakaipa electrode pakudziya kwakadzika ndiyo zvakare kiyi yekukanganisa conduction yelithium ion, uye RSEI ndiyo inonyanya kuvharidzira. ye lithium ion mabhatiri munzvimbo dzakaderera tembiricha.

Nyanzvi 2: Chinhu chikuru chinodzikamisa tembiricha yakaderera yelithium-ion mabhatiri ndiyo yakawedzera zvakanyanya Li + diffusion kuramba patembiricha yakaderera, kwete iyo SEI firimu.

Yakaderera tembiricha zvimiro zvecathode zvinhu zve lithium ion mabhatiri

1. Low tembiricha zvinhu akaturikidzana cathode zvinhu

Iyo yakaturikidzana chimiro haina kungoita isingaenzaniswi chiyero chekuita kweimwe-dimensional lithium ion diffusion migero, asi inewo kugadzikana kwemaitiro etatu-dimensional migero. Ndiyo yekutanga yekutengesa cathode zvinhu zve lithium ion mabhatiri. Zvinhu zvaro zvinomiririra LiCoO2, Li(Co1-xNix)O2 uye Li(Ni, Co, Mn)O2 zvichingodaro.

Xie Xiaohua et al. yakatora LiCoO2/MCMB sechinhu chekutsvagisa uye yakayedza yakaderera-tembiricha yekuchaja-kuburitsa maitiro.

Zvigumisiro zvinoratidza kuti nekuderera kwekushisa, chikuva chekubuda chinodonha kubva ku3.762V (0 ° C) kusvika ku3.207V (-30 ° C); huwandu hwebhatiri hunodzikirawo zvakanyanya kubva pa78.98mA·h (0°C) kusvika pa68.55mA·h (–30°C).

2. Kudzika-kupisa maitiro e spinel-structured cathode zvinhu

Iyo spinel chimiro LiMn2O4 cathode zvinhu ine zvakanakira mutengo wakaderera uye isiri-chepfu nekuti haina Co element.

Nekudaro, iyo valence musiyano weMn uye iyo Jahn-Teller mhedzisiro yeMn3 + inotungamira mukusagadzikana kwemaitiro uye kutadza kudzoreredzwa kwechikamu ichi.

Peng Zhengshun et al. yakaratidza kuti nzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzirira dzine simba guru pane electrochemical performance yeLiMn2O4 cathode zvinhu. Kutora Rct semuenzaniso: iyo Rct yeLiMn2O4 yakagadzirwa nepamusoro tembiricha yakasimba-chikamu nzira yakanyanya kukwirira kupfuura iyo ye-sol-gel nzira, uye chiitiko ichi hachikanganisike ne lithium ions. Iyo diffusion coefficient inoratidzwa zvakare. Chikonzero ndechekuti nzira dzakasiyana dzekugadzira dzine pesvedzero huru pane crystallinity uye morphology yezvigadzirwa.

3. Kuderera kwekushisa kwemaitiro e cathode zvinhu zve phosphate system

Nekuda kweiyo yakanakisa vhoriyamu kugadzikana uye kuchengetedzeka, LiFePO4, pamwe chete nezvinhu zveternary, yave iyo huru yezvino simba bhatiri cathode zvinhu. Kusaita tembiricha shoma yelithium iron phosphate inonyanya nekuti zvinhu zvayo insulator, ine low electronic conductivity, urombo lithium ion diffusivity, uye urombo conductivity pakuderera tembiricha, izvo zvinowedzera kupikisa kwemukati kwebhatiri, iyo inobatwa zvakanyanya polarization, uye bhatiri kuchaja uye kubuda kunodzivirirwa. Nokudaro, iyo yakaderera tembiricha Performance haina kunaka.

Paunenge uchidzidza kubhadharisa-kuburitsa maitiro eLiFePO4 pane yakaderera tembiricha, Gu Yijie et al. akawana kuti kushanda kwayo kwecoulombic kwakaderera kubva ku100% pa55 ° C kusvika ku96% pa0 ° C uye 64% pa -20 ° C, maererano; simba rekuburitsa rakadzikira kubva pa3.11V pa55°C. Kudzikira kusvika pa2.62V pa -20°C.

Xing et al. yakagadziridzwa LiFePO4 ne nanocarbon uye yakaona kuti mushure mekuwedzera nanocarbon conductive agent, electrochemical performance yeLiFePO4 yakanga isinganyanyi kunetseka nekushisa, uye kuderera kwekushisa kwakagadziridzwa; mhepo inoyerera yeLiFePO4 yakashandurwa yakawedzera kubva ku3.40 pa25 ° CV inodonha kusvika ku3.09V pa -25 ° C, kuderera kwe9.12% chete; uye kushanda kwayo kwesero pa -25 ° C i57.3%, iyo yakakwirira kudarika 53.4% ​​isina nano-carbon conductive agent.

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, LiMnPO4 yakakwezva kufarira kwakawanda. Chidzidzo ichi chakawana kuti LiMnPO4 ine mabhenefiti ekugona kwepamusoro (4.1V), hapana kusvibiswa, mutengo wakaderera, uye yakakura chaiyo kugona (170mAh/g). Nekudaro, nekuda kweiyo yakaderera ionic conductivity yeLiMnPO4 pane LiFePO4, Fe inowanzoshandiswa kutsiva zvishoma Mn kuita LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4 yakasimba mhinduro mukuita.

Yakadzika tembiricha zvimiro zveanode zvinhu zve lithium ion mabhatiri

Kuenzaniswa neiyo yakanaka electrode zvinhu, kudzikira kwakadzika tembiricha kweiyo negative electrode zvinhu zvelithium ion bhatiri kwakakomba, kunyanya nekuda kwezvikonzero zvitatu zvinotevera:

Paunenge uchichaja uye uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge uchinge waiswa pamusoro peiyo electrode yakaipa, uye inopindurwa chigadzirwa chesimbi lithium uye electrolyte kazhinji haina conductivity;

Kubva pane thermodynamic point of view, electrolyte ine nhamba yakawanda yemapoka epolar akadai se CO ne CN, iyo inogona kuita neine negative electrode material, uye iyo yakagadzirwa SEI firimu inonyanya kutarisana nekushisa kwakadzika;

Iyo kabhoni negative electrode inonetsa kupindirana lithium pane yakaderera tembiricha, uye pane asymmetric charge uye discharge.

mufananidzo

Tsvagiridzo pane Yakaderera Tembiricha Electrolyte

Iyo electrolyte inobata basa rekutakura Li + mumabhatiri e-lithium-ion, uye ayo ionic conductivity uye SEI film-forming properties zvine simba guru pakudzika-tembiricha kushanda kwebhatiri. Pane zviratidzo zvitatu zvikuru zvekutonga zvakanakira uye zvakaipira zvepasi-tembiricha electrolytes: ionic conductivity, electrochemical window uye electrode reactivity. Chiyero chezviratidzi zvitatu izvi chinotsamira pamwero mukuru pane zvinoumba zvinhu: solvent, electrolyte (lithium munyu), uye zvinowedzera. Naizvozvo, tsvakiridzo yekudzikira kwekushisa kwechikamu chega chega che electrolyte yakakosha zvikuru pakunzwisisa nekuvandudza tembiricha yakaderera yebhatiri.

Kuenzaniswa neketani kabhoni, iyo yakaderera tembiricha maitiro eEC-based electrolytes, cyclic carbonates ine compact chimiro, hombe kuita simba, uye yakakwirira kunyungudika uye viscosity. Zvisinei, iyo polarity yakakura yakaunzwa nechimiro chemhete inoita kuti igare iine dielectric hombe. Iyo hombe dielectric inogara, yakakwira ionic conductivity, uye yakanakisa firimu-kuumba zvimiro zveEC zvinonyungudutsa zvinodzivirira kubatanidzwa-kuiswa kwemamorekuru ekunyungudutsa, zvichiita kuti zvive zvakakosha. Naizvozvo, mazhinji aiwanzo shandiswa yakaderera-tembiricha electrolyte masisitimu kwakavakirwa EC, uye ipapo yakavhenganiswa Small molecule solvent ine yakaderera kunyungudika pfungwa.

Lithium munyu chinhu chakakosha che electrolyte. Lithium munyu mu electrolyte haingogone chete kuvandudza ionic conductivity yemhinduro, asi zvakare kuderedza kupararira chinhambwe cheLi + mumhinduro. Kazhinji, iyo yakanyanya kuwanda kweLi + mumhinduro, yakakura iyo ionic conductivity. Nekudaro, kuwanda kwelithium ions mu electrolyte hakuna mutsara wakanangana nekusangana kwelithium salt, asi parabolic. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti kuwanda kwe lithium ions mu solvent kunoenderana nesimba rekuparadzanisa uye kushamwaridzana kwe lithium munyu mune solvent.

Tsvagiridzo pane Yakaderera Tembiricha Electrolyte

Pamusoro pekuumbwa kwebhatiri pachayo, maitiro ekugadzirisa mukushanda chaiko anozove nekukanganisa kukuru pakuita kwebhatiri.
(1) Kugadzirira. Yaqub et al. akadzidza mashandiro emagetsi emagetsi uye ukobvu hwekuputira pane yakaderera tembiricha yeLiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 / Graphite mabhatiri uye akaona kuti maererano nekuchengetedza simba, iyo diki iyo electrode mutoro uye iyo yakatetepa yekupfeka layer, zviri nani kuderera. tembiricha kuita. .

(2) Mamiriro ekubhadhara uye kusunungurwa. Petzl et al. akadzidza mhedzisiro yepasi-tembiricha charge-discharge state pahupenyu hwebhatiri, uye akaona kuti kana kudzika kwekuyerera kwakakura, zvinokonzeresa kurasikirwa kwehukuru uye kuderedza kutenderera hupenyu.

(3) Zvimwe zvinhu. Nzvimbo yepamusoro, pore size, electrode density, wettability ye electrode uye electrolyte, uye separator, nezvimwewo, zvose zvinokanganisa kuderera kwekushisa kwemabhatiri e lithium-ion. Mukuwedzera, pesvedzero yezvinhu uye kukanganisa kwemaitiro pane yakaderera tembiricha kuita kwebhatiri haigone kuregererwa.

Summarize

Kuti uve nechokwadi chekudzika kwekushisa kwekuita kwe lithium-ion mabhatiri, zvinotevera zvinofanirwa kuitwa:

(1) Gadzira firimu rakaonda uye rakaonda SEI;

(2) Ita shuwa kuti Li + ine yakakura diffusion coefficient mune inoshanda zvinhu;

(3) Iyo electrolyte ine yakakwirira ionic conductivity pane yakaderera tembiricha.

Mukuwedzera, tsvakurudzo inogonawo kuwana imwe nzira yekutarisa kune imwe mhando ye lithium-ion battery-all-solid-state lithium-ion battery. Kuenzaniswa neyakajairwa mabhatiri e-lithium-ion, mabhatiri e-solid-state lithium-ion mabhatiri, kunyanya-akasimba-nyika akaonda-firimu mabhatiri e-lithium-ion, anotarisirwa kugadzirisa zvachose dambudziko rekuora kwesimba uye kutenderera kuchengetedzwa kana mabhatiri ashandiswa pa. tembiricha yakaderera. c