Ho tloha ha libeteri tsa lithium-ion li kene ‘marakeng, li’ nile tsa sebelisoa haholo ka lebaka la melemo ea bophelo bo bolelele, matla a maholo a khethehileng, ‘me ha ho na phello ea mohopolo. Tšebeliso e tlaase ea mocheso oa libeteri tsa lithium-ion e na le mathata a kang matla a tlaase, ho fokotseha ho tebileng, ho se sebetse hantle ha sekhahla sa potoloho, ho behoa ha lithium ho totobetseng, le ho tlosoa ha lithium ho sa leka-lekaneng. Leha ho le joalo, ka ho atolosoa ho tsoelang pele ha masimo a kopo, litšitiso tse bakoang ke ts’ebetso e mpe ea mocheso o tlase oa libeteri tsa lithium-ion li ntse li bonahala haholoanyane.

Ho ea ka litlaleho, matla a ho ntša matla a libeteri tsa lithium-ion ho -20 ° C ke hoo e ka bang 31.5% feela ea mocheso oa kamore. Mocheso oa ho sebetsa oa libeteri tsa setso tsa lithium-ion o pakeng tsa -20 le +55 °C. Leha ho le joalo, masimong a sefofane, indasteri ea sesole, likoloi tsa motlakase, joalo-joalo, betri e hlokeha ho sebetsa ka tloaelo ho -40 ° C. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa haholo ho ntlafatsa thepa ea mocheso o tlase oa libeteri tsa Li-ion.

Lintlha tse Thibelang Mocheso o Motla oa Ts’ebetso ea Li-betri tsa Li-ion

Sebakeng sa mocheso o tlase, viscosity ea electrolyte ea eketseha esita le ho tiea ka mokhoa o itseng, e leng se bakang ho fokotseha ha conductivity ea libeteri tsa lithium-ion.

Tšebelisano pakeng tsa electrolyte le electrode e mpe le karohano e fetoha e futsanehileng sebakeng sa mocheso o tlaase.

Electrode e mpe ea betri ea lithium-ion e na le precipitation e tebileng ea lithium tlas’a tikoloho ea mocheso o tlase, ‘me lithium ea tšepe e nang le metsi e sebetsana le electrolyte,’ me tlhahiso ea eona ea sehlahisoa e lebisa ho eketseha ha botenya ba sebopeho se tiileng-electrolyte (SEI).

Sebakeng sa mocheso o tlase, tsamaiso ea ho hasana ea libeteri tsa Li-ion ka thepa e sebetsang e fokotseha, ‘me ho hanyetsa phetiso ea tefiso (Rct) ho eketseha haholo.

Puisano ka Lintlha tse Amang Mocheso o Motla oa Ts’ebetso ea Li-betri tsa Li-ion

Maikutlo a setsebi 1: Electrolyte e na le tšusumetso e kholo ho ts’ebetso e tlaase ea mocheso oa libeteri tsa lithium-ion, ‘me sebopeho le thepa ea physicochemical ea electrolyte e na le tšusumetso ea bohlokoa mosebetsing o tlaase oa mocheso oa betri. Mathata a tobaneng le potoloho ea betri ka mocheso o tlase ke: viscosity ea electrolyte e tla eketseha, ‘me lebelo la ion conduction le tla fokotseha, e leng se bakang ho se lumellane ha lebelo la ho falla ha elektronike ea potoloho e ka ntle, kahoo betri e polarized haholo. mme matla a ho tjhaja le ho ntsha a fokotsehile haholo. Haholo-holo ha ho tjhaja ka mocheso o tlase, lithium ion li etsa habonolo lithium dendrites holim’a electrode e mpe, e leng se bakang ho hlōleha ha betri.

Ts’ebetso e tlase ea mocheso oa electrolyte e amana haufi-ufi le boholo ba conductivity ea electrolyte ka boeona. Electrolyte e nang le conductivity e phahameng e fetisetsa li-ion kapele ‘me e ka sebelisa matla a mangata ka mocheso o tlase. Ha letsoai la lithium le ntse le arohanngoa le ho feta ho electrolyte, palo ea batho ba fallang e phahame ‘me e phahamisa conductivity. Ha motlakase o le holimo, lebelo la conduction ea ion le potlakile, ho fokotseha ha polarization, le ho sebetsa hantle ha betri mochesong o tlase. Ka hona, conductivity e phahameng ea motlakase ke boemo bo hlokahalang ho finyella tshebetso e ntle ea mocheso o tlase oa libeteri tsa lithium-ion.

The conductivity ea electrolyte e amana le ho hlophisoa ha electrolyte, ‘me ho fokotsa viscosity ea solvent ke e’ ngoe ea litsela tsa ho ntlafatsa conductivity ea electrolyte. The fluidity e ntle ea solvent ka mocheso o tlase ke tiiso ea lipalangoang tsa ion, ‘me filimi e tiileng ea electrolyte e entsoeng ke electrolyte ka electrode e mpe ka mocheso o tlaase ke senotlolo sa ho ama ho tsamaisoa ha li-ion tsa lithium,’ me RSEI ke eona ntho e ka sehloohong ea ho itšireletsa. ea libeteri tsa lithium ion maemong a mocheso o tlase.

Setsebi sa 2: Ntho e ka sehloohong e thibelang ts’ebetso ea mocheso o tlase oa libeteri tsa lithium-ion ke ho hanyetsa ha Li + ho eketseha ha mocheso o tlase, eseng filimi ea SEI.

Thepa e tlase ea mocheso oa lisebelisoa tsa cathode bakeng sa libeteri tsa lithium ion

1. Thepa e tlaase ea mocheso oa lisebelisoa tsa cathode tse layered

Sebopeho se entsoeng ka lera ha se na ts’ebetso e ke keng ea lekanngoa ea tekanyo e le ‘ngoe ea li-channel tsa lithium ion diffusion, empa hape e na le botsitso ba sebopeho sa litsela tse tharo-dimensional. Ke thepa ea pele ea khoebo ea cathode bakeng sa libeteri tsa lithium ion. Lintho tsa moemeli oa eona ke LiCoO2, Li(Co1-xNix)O2 le Li(Ni, Co, Mn)O2 joalo-joalo.

Xie Xiaohua et al. e nkile LiCoO2/MCMB joalo ka ntho ea lipatlisiso mme ea leka litšobotsi tsa eona tsa ho ntša mocheso o tlase.

Liphello li bontša hore ka ho fokotseha ha mocheso, sethala sa ho qhala se theoha ho tloha 3.762V (0 ° C) ho ea 3.207V (-30 ° C); palo eohle ea betri e boetse e fokotseha haholo ho tloha 78.98mA · h (0 ° C) ho ea 68.55mA · h (-30 ° C).

2. Litšobotsi tse tlaase tsa mocheso oa lisebelisoa tsa cathode tse entsoeng ka spinel

Sebopeho sa spinel LiMn2O4 cathode material e na le melemo ea theko e tlaase le e se nang chefo hobane ha e na Co element.

Leha ho le joalo, ho feto-fetoha ha valence ea Mn le phello ea Jahn-Teller ea Mn3 + e lebisa ho se tsitseng ha sebopeho le ho se fetohe hantle ha karolo ena.

Peng Zhengshun et al. o bontšitse hore mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho itokisa e na le tšusumetso e kholo ts’ebetsong ea electrochemical ea lisebelisoa tsa cathode tsa LiMn2O4. Ho nka Rct e le mohlala: Rct ea LiMn2O4 e entsoeng ka mokhoa o phahameng oa mocheso o tiileng-mohato o phahame haholo ho feta mokhoa oa sol-gel, ‘me ketsahalo ena ha e amehe ke li-ion tsa lithium. The diffusion coefficient e boetse e bonahala. Lebaka ke hore mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho kopanya e na le tšusumetso e kholo ho crystallinity le morphology ea lihlahisoa.

3. Litšobotsi tse tlaase tsa mocheso oa thepa ea cathode ea tsamaiso ea phosphate

Ka lebaka la botsitso le polokeho ea molumo o babatsehang, LiFePO4, hammoho le lisebelisoa tsa ternary, e fetohile ‘mele o ka sehloohong oa lisebelisoa tsa hona joale tsa matla a cathode. Ts’ebetso e mpe ea mocheso o tlase oa lithium iron phosphate ke haholo-holo hobane thepa ea eona ka boeona ke insulator, e nang le conductivity e tlaase ea elektronike, e fokolang ea lithium ion diffusivity, le conductivity e fokolang ka mocheso o tlaase, e leng ho eketsang ho hanyetsa ka hare ho betri, e amehang haholo polarization, ‘me tjhaja le ho tjhaja betri di a sitiswa. Ka hona, mocheso o tlase Ts’ebetso ha e ntle.

Ha u ithuta ka boitšoaro ba ho qosa LiFePO4 ka mocheso o tlase, Gu Yijie et al. e fumane hore katleho ea eona ea coulombic e theohile ho tloha ho 100% ho 55 ° C ho ea ho 96% ho 0 ° C le 64% ho -20 ° C, ka ho latellana; matla a ho ntša metsi a fokotsehile ho tloha ho 3.11V ho 55°C. Fokotsa ho 2.62V ho -20°C.

Xing et al. e fetotsoe LiFePO4 e nang le nanocarbon ‘me e fumane hore ka mor’a ho eketsa moemeli oa conductive nanocarbon, ts’ebetso ea electrochemical ea LiFePO4 e ne e sa utloisise mocheso,’ me mocheso o tlaase o ile oa ntlafatsoa; matla a ho lahla a LiFePO4 a fetotsoeng a eketsehile ho tloha 3.40 ho 25 ° CV marotholi ho ea ho 3.09V ho -25 ° C, ho fokotseha ha 9.12% feela; ‘me lisele tsa eona li sebetsa hantle ho -25 ° C ke 57.3%, e leng holimo ho 53.4% ​​ntle le nano-carbon conductive agent.

Haufinyane tjena, LiMnPO4 e khahlile batho ba bangata. Phuputso e fumane hore LiMnPO4 e na le melemo ea bokhoni bo phahameng (4.1V), ha ho na tšilafalo, theko e tlaase, le matla a maholo a khethehileng (170mAh / g). Leha ho le joalo, ka lebaka la conductivity e tlaase ea ionic ea LiMnPO4 ho feta LiFePO4, Fe e atisa ho sebelisoa ho nkela Mn sebaka se seng ho etsa LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4 tharollo e tiileng ts’ebetsong.

Thepa e tlase ea mocheso oa lisebelisoa tsa anode bakeng sa libeteri tsa lithium ion

Ha ho bapisoa le lisebelisoa tse ntle tsa elektrode, ho senyeha ha mocheso o tlase oa lisebelisoa tse mpe tsa elektrode tsa betri ea lithium ion ho tebile haholo, haholo-holo ka mabaka a mararo a latelang:

Ha ho tjhaja le ho tjhaja ka mocheso o tlase le lebelo le phahameng, betri e na le polarized ka ho teba, mme palo e kholo ea tšepe ea lithium e behiloe holim’a electrode e mpe, mme sehlahisoa sa karabelo sa lithium le electrolyte ka kakaretso ha se na conductivity;

Ho ea ka pono ea thermodynamic, electrolyte e na le palo e kholo ea lihlopha tsa polar tse kang CO le CN, tse ka itšoarang ka lisebelisoa tse mpe tsa electrode, ‘me filimi e entsoeng ea SEI e ka hlaseloa habonolo ke mocheso o tlaase;

The carbon negative electrode ho thata ho intercalate lithium ka mocheso tlaase, ‘me ho na le asymmetric tefiso le discharge.

setshwantsho

Patlisiso ka Mocheso o Motle oa Electrolyte

Electrolyte e phetha karolo ea ho tsamaisa Li + ka libeteri tsa lithium-ion, ‘me conductivity ea eona ea ionic le thepa ea ho etsa filimi ea SEI e na le tšusumetso e kholo mosebetsing o tlaase oa mocheso oa betri. Ho na le matšoao a mararo a mantlha a ho ahlola melemo le likotsi tsa li-electrolyte tse tlase mocheso: conductivity ea ionic, fensetere ea electrochemical le reactivity ea electrode. Boemo ba matšoao ana a mararo bo itšetlehile haholo ka thepa ea eona ea motheo: solvent, electrolyte (thium letsoai), le additives. Ka hona, lipatlisiso tse mabapi le ts’ebetso ea mocheso o tlase oa karolo ka ‘ngoe ea electrolyte li bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa ho utloisisa le ho ntlafatsa ts’ebetso ea mocheso o tlase oa betri.

Ha ho bapisoa le ketane ea carbonates, litšoaneleho tsa mocheso o tlase oa li-electrolyte tse thehiloeng ho EC, li-cyclic carbonates li na le sebopeho se kopaneng, matla a maholo a sebetsang, le ntlha e phahameng ea ho qhibiliha le viscosity. Leha ho le joalo, polarity e kholo e tlisoang ke mohaho oa lesale e etsa hore hangata e be le dielectric e kholo kamehla. Motsoako o moholo oa dielectric, conductivity e phahameng ea ionic, le thepa e ntle haholo ea ho etsa lifilimi ea li-solvents tsa EC li thibela ka katleho ho kenngoa ha limolek’hule tsa solvent, ho etsa hore e be tsa bohlokoa haholo. Ka hona, boholo ba mekhoa e tloaelehileng e sebelisoang ka mocheso o tlaase oa electrolyte e thehiloe ho EC, ebe e tsoakane e nyenyane ea molek’hule ea solvent e nang le ntlha e tlaase ea ho qhibiliha.

Letsoai la lithium ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea electrolyte. Letsoai la lithium ka har’a electrolyte ha le khone feela ho ntlafatsa conductivity ea ionic ea tharollo, empa hape le fokotsa sebaka se pharalletseng sa Li + tharollong. Ka kakaretso, khatello e kholo ea Li + ka tharollo, e kholoanyane le conductivity ea ionic. Leha ho le joalo, khatello ea li-ion tsa lithium ka electrolyte ha e amane ka ho toba le ho bokellana ha letsoai la lithium, empa ke parabolic. Sena se bakoa ke hore motsoako oa li-ion tsa lithium ka har’a motsoako o itšetlehile ka matla a ho arohana le ho kopana ha letsoai la lithium ka har’a solvent.

Patlisiso ka Mocheso o Motle oa Electrolyte

Ntle le sebopeho sa betri ka boeona, lintlha tsa ts’ebetso ts’ebetsong ea ‘nete le tsona li tla ba le tšusumetso e kholo ts’ebetsong ea betri.
(1) Mokhoa oa ho lokisetsa. Yaqub et al. o ithutile phello ea mojaro oa li-electrode le botenya ba ho roala holim’a ts’ebetso e tlase ea mocheso oa LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 / libeteri tsa Graphite mme a fumana hore mabapi le ho boloka matla, moroalo o monyane oa elektrode le lera le lesesaane la ho roala, le tlase le le betere. tshebetso ya mocheso. .

(2) Boemo ba tefiso le ho lokolloa. Petzl et al. o ile a ithuta phello ea boemo bo tlaase ba mocheso oa mocheso o fokolang bophelong ba potoloho ea betri, ‘me a fumana hore ha botebo ba ho ntša metsi bo le boholo, bo tla baka tahlehelo e kholo ea bokhoni le ho fokotsa bophelo ba potoloho.

(3) Lintlha tse ling. Sebaka se ka holimo, boholo ba pore, sekhahla sa electrode, ho nosetsa ha electrode le electrolyte, le separator, joalo-joalo, kaofela li ama ts’ebetso e tlaase ea mocheso oa libeteri tsa lithium-ion. Ho phaella moo, tšusumetso ea lintho tse bonahalang le mefokolo ea ts’ebetso mosebetsing o tlaase oa mocheso oa betri e ke ke ea hlokomolohuoa.

akaretsa

Ho netefatsa ts’ebetso e tlase ea mocheso oa libeteri tsa lithium-ion, lintlha tse latelang li hloka ho etsoa:

(1) Theha filimi e tšesaane le e teteaneng ea SEI;

(2) Etsa bonnete ba hore Li + e na le coefficient e kholo ea ho jala lintho tse sebetsang;

(3) Electrolyte e na le conductivity e phahameng ea ionic ka mocheso o tlase.

Ho phaella moo, lipatlisiso li ka boela tsa fumana mokhoa o mong oa ho sheba mofuta o mong oa betri ea lithium-ion-all-solid state lithium-ion battery. Ha ho bapisoa le li-betri tse tloaelehileng tsa lithium-ion, libeteri tsa lithium-ion tse tiileng, haholo-holo li-battery tsa lithium-ion tse tiileng, li lebeletsoe hore li rarolle ka ho feletseng bothata ba ho senyeha ha matla le tšireletso ea potoloho ha libeteri li sebelisoa. mocheso o tlase. c