Ongororo yezvakanakira uye zvakaipira Tesla yemagetsi mota bhatiri tekinoroji

Kupinda kwemotokari yemagetsi yaTesla mumusika weChinese ichangobva kuita misoro. Chii chakakosha nezveTesla? Izvi zvinoenderana here nebudiriro yemotokari? Yakachengeteka sei? Seinjiniya akamboshandira makambani makuru matatu emotokari eUS (Ford, GM, uye Chrysler), ndinoda kugovera maonero angu maonero aTesla.

Tisati takurukura nezveTesla, ngatitaurei muchidimbu mota dzemagetsi. “Motokari dzemagetsi” sekushandiswa kwechinyorwa chino zvinoreva mota dzemagetsi dzakachena dzine otomatiki magetsi, kusasanganisa mota dzakasanganiswa uye mota dzinofambiswa nekunze (senge tram).

Zvakafanana nekufamba kwevanhu, magetsi emagetsi uye mabhatiri e-lithium ndiwo mwoyo wekubuda kwesimba, nepo central transmission system ndiyo mapfupa nemisungo yekufambisa simba, iyo inozopedzisira ichiendesa vanokanda mberi. Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pamusoro apa, zvose motokari dzemagetsi nemotokari dzepetroli dzine mwoyo, mapfupa, mhasuru uye tsoka, asi nzira dzekufambisa simba dzakasiyana.

Ongororo yezvakanakira uye zvakaipira Tesla yemagetsi mota bhatiri tekinoroji

Motokari dzemagetsi hadzina gasi rinopedza simba

Pane zvakawanda zvakanakira mota dzemagetsi:

Chekutanga ndechekuchengetedza simba. Sezvatinoziva tese, mota dzechinyakare dzinofambiswa nepetroleum. Kuenzaniswa nemamwe matsime emagetsi akakosha, matura eoiri madiki uye asingadzokerikezve. Kunyange zvazvo nyanzvi dzave dzichiitirana nharo pamusoro pehuwandu hweoiri ichiri kuda kucherwa mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, chokwadi chisingarambiki ndechekuti mafuta akachengetwa ari kuderera, uye kugadzirwa kwacho kwasvika pakakwirira. Vedzimotokari vakatarisana nekukwira kwemitengo yemafuta vachabvumiranawo nemaonero aya.

Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kwekusawirirana pakati penyika dzakakosha dzinogadzira oiri (Middle East, Russia, neCentral Asia) nenyika dzakakosha dzinoshandisa mafuta (US, Western Europe, neEast Asia), kwave kune hutsinye hwezvematongerwo enyika, hupfumi uye kunyange mauto. makwikwi emafuta kwemakumi emakore. Kurwira kutonga. Nyaya iyi yakakoshawo kunyika yedu. Muna 2013, China yakapfuura United States kuita mutengi mukuru wemafuta pasi rose, uye kuvimba kwayo nemafuta ekunze kwaive pedyo ne60%. Naizvozvo, kuvandudzwa kwemotokari dzemagetsi uye kudzikisira kutsamira pamafuta kwakakosha zvikuru kuhupfumi hweChina uye geopolitical chengetedzo.

Motokari dzemagetsi dzinoshandisa magetsi echipiri. Kune nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemagetsi, dzinosanganisira mvura inogona kushandiswazve, mhepo, solar, uye simba ringangodaro renyukireya, pamwe chete nemarasha, ayo akawanda zvikuru kupfuura oiri. Naizvozvo, kana mota dzemagetsi dzikave dzakakurumbira, hadzingoshandure zvakanyanya mararamiro evanhu, asiwo pasi rose geopolitical pattern.

Rubatsiro rwechipiri rwemotokari dzemagetsi nderekuti dzinobatsira kurwisa smog. Mota exhaust ndiyo yakakosha sosi yehutsi hwemudhorobha. Iye zvino, nyika dzakasiyana-siyana dzine mitemo yakaomesesa uye yakaomesesa pamusoro pekubuda kwemhepo yemotokari. Nekudaro, mota dzemagetsi hadzibudise gasi rekupedza panguva yekutyaira, iro rine mabhenefiti ari pachena mukudzora kusvibiswa kwemhepo yemumaguta. Nezvekusvibiswa kwese kusvibiswa, kunyangwe paine kusvibiswa kunokonzerwa nemagetsi emagetsi anobatidzwa nemarasha, magwenya makuru anoshandisa magetsi akawanda kupfuura zvitima zvedhiziri uye anogona kuunganidzwa kuti aderedze kuburitswa.

Pfungwa yechitatu ndeyekutapurirana uye kutonga zvakanakira, izvo zvine hukama kune mamwe maitiro emagetsi ekufambisa mota. Semuenzaniso, injini dzepeturu dzinoshanda pazviuru zvemadhigirii celsius uye makumi emuchadenga zvinoda tekinoroji yekugadzira uye hunyanzvi hwekushandisa, pamwe nemhirizhonga uye yakatsetseka system uye inotonhodza iyo inoramba ichiburitsa kupisa kwepeturu yakakosha mumhepo . Injini inoda kugadziriswa nguva dzose uye kuchinja kwemafuta. Injini inoendesa simba kumavhiri kuburikidza neyakashatisa gearbox, drive shaft uye gearbox. Yakawanda yekutapurirana maitiro anoitwa kuburikidza neakaomarara majoini emagiya esimbi nemabhengi. Zvese zvinoda yakashata yekugadzira maitiro uye nyore glitch (funga kuti vangani vagadziri varangarira otomatiki transmissions)…

Motokari dzemagetsi hadzina matambudziko aya. Mabhatiri uye mabhatiri emotokari yemagetsi anogadzira kupisa, asi kupisa kupisa kuri nyore kupfuura injini dzinopisa mukati. Iko kushandurwa kwesimba kwemotokari dzemagetsi hakufanirwe kuve kwakashata uye kusasimba, uchishandisa kubatanidza kwakaoma uye waya dzinochinjika. Kushanda kwemotokari dzemagetsi kunenge kuri nyore, nokuti tekinoroji yekushandisa yemagetsi system yakanyanya kuoma.

Semuenzaniso, vanhu vazhinji vanoziva kuti mota dzemagetsi dzinomhanya kupfuura dzepeturu. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti simba rekutonga reinjini rakaderera pane iro remukati memoto injini. Mumwe muenzaniso ndewokuti panzvimbo pokudzora kumhanya kwevhiri rimwe nerimwe, motokari yemagetsi inogona kungoisa injini yakazvimirira pavhiri rimwe nerimwe. Naizvozvo, chidhiraivho chinotanga kusvetuka. Nekuda kwedambudziko rekutapurirana