Ukuhlaziywa kwezinzuzo kanye nokubi kobuchwepheshe bebhethri yemoto kagesi yakwaTesla

Ukungena kwemoto kagesi kaTesla emakethe yaseShayina kusanda kuba sematheni. Yini ekhethekile ngoTesla? Ingabe lokhu kuyahambisana nendlela yokuthuthukiswa kwezimoto? Kuphephe kangakanani? Njengonjiniyela osebenze ezinkampanini ezintathu ezinkulu zezimoto zase-US (Ford, GM, and Chrysler), ngifuna ukwabelana nombono wami ngombono kaTesla.

Ngaphambi kokuthi sixoxe ngoTesla, ake sethule kafushane izimoto zikagesi. “Izimoto zikagesi” njengoba zisetshenziswe kulesi sihloko zibhekisela ezimotweni zikagesi ezihlanzekile ezinamandla azenzakalelayo, ngaphandle kwezimoto ezixubile nezimoto ezisebenza ngaphandle (njengama-tram).

Ngokufana nokuhamba komuntu, ama-motor kagesi namabhethri e-lithium ayinhliziyo yokukhishwa kwamandla, kuyilapho uhlelo lokudlulisela oluphakathi lungamathambo nemisipha yokudlulisa amandla, ekugcineni okuqhubekisela phambili ama-casters. Njengoba kuboniswe esithombeni esingenhla, zombili izimoto zikagesi nezimoto zikaphethiloli zinenhliziyo, amathambo, imisipha nezinyawo, kodwa izindlela zokudlulisa amandla zihlukile.

Ukuhlaziywa kwezinzuzo kanye nokubi kobuchwepheshe bebhethri yemoto kagesi yakwaTesla

Izimoto zikagesi azinayo igesi ephumayo

Kunezinzuzo eziningi zezimoto zikagesi:

Okokuqala ukonga amandla. Njengoba sazi sonke, izimoto zesintu zishayelwa uphethroli. Uma kuqhathaniswa neminye imithombo ebalulekile yamandla, izinqolobane zikawoyela zincane futhi azivuseleleki. Nakuba ochwepheshe bebelokhu bephikisana ngokuthi ungakanani uwoyela okusadingeka ukhishwe emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, iqiniso elingenakuphikwa liwukuthi uwoyela ogciniwe uyancipha, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwawo manje sekufinyelele inani eliphakeme kakhulu. Abashayeli bezimoto ababhekene nokukhuphuka kwentengo kawoyela bazovumelana nalo mbono.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokungezwani phakathi kwamazwe abalulekile akhiqiza uwoyela (iMpumalanga Ephakathi, iRussia, ne-Asia Ephakathi) kanye namazwe abalulekile adla uwoyela (i-US, iNtshonalanga Yurophu, ne-East Asia), kube nokushuba kwezombusazwe, ezomnotho kanye nezempi. imincintiswano kawoyela amashumi eminyaka. Umzabalazo wokulawula. Nalolu daba lubaluleke kakhulu ezweni lakithi. Ngo-2013, i-China yadlula i-United States yaba izwe elingenisa uwoyela omkhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni, futhi ukuncika kwayo kuwoyela wangaphandle kwakusondele ku-60%. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zikagesi kanye nokunciphisa ukuncika kuwoyela kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvikelekeni kwezomnotho kanye ne-geopolitical yaseChina.

Izimoto zikagesi zisebenzisa ugesi wesibili. Kunezinhlobonhlobo zemithombo kagesi, okuhlanganisa amanzi avuselelekayo, umoya, amandla elanga, namandla enuzi okungenzeka akhona, kanye namalahle, ayinsada kakhulu kunowoyela. Ngakho-ke, uma izimoto zikagesi zithandwa, ngeke ziguqule kakhulu kuphela indlela yokuphila yabantu, kodwa futhi iphethini yomhlaba wonke ye-geopolitical.

Inzuzo yesibili yezimoto zikagesi ukuthi zisiza ukulwa nentuthu. I-automobile exhaust ingumthombo obalulekile wentuthu yasemadolobheni. Manje, amazwe ahlukahlukene anemithetho eqinile neqinile mayelana nokukhipha umoya wezimoto. Kodwa-ke, izimoto zikagesi azikhiphi igesi ephumayo ngesikhathi sokushayela, enezinzuzo ezisobala ekulawuleni ukungcoliswa komoya wasemadolobheni. Mayelana nokungcola okuphelele, nakuba kukhona ukungcola okubangelwa ukuphehlwa kukagesi ngamalahle, izimboni ezinkulu zikagesi zisebenzisa ugesi omningi kunezitimela zikadizili ezixegayo futhi zingahlanganiswa ukuze kuncishiswe ukungcola.

Iphuzu lesithathu yizinzuzo zokudlulisela nokulawula, ezihlobene nezinye izici zokudluliswa kwemoto kagesi. Isibonelo, izinjini zikaphethiloli ezisebenza ngezinkulungwane zama-degree Celsius kanye nenqwaba yesimo sezulu esishisayo zidinga ubuchwepheshe obuyinkimbinkimbi bokukhiqiza namakhono okusebenza, kanye nesistimu exakile nebushelelezi kanye nesistimu yokupholisa eqhubeka ikhiphela ukushisa kukaphethiloli oyigugu oshisayo emkhathini . Injini idinga ukunakekelwa njalo kanye nokushintshwa kukawoyela. Injini idlulisela amandla emasondweni ngo-gearbox ongcolile, shaft yokushayela kanye no-gearbox. Iningi lenqubo yokudlulisa itholakala ngokuhlangana okuqinile kwamagiya ensimbi nama-bearings. Yonke into idinga inqubo yokukhiqiza engcolile kanye ne-glitch elula (cabanga ukuthi bangaki abakhiqizi abakhumbule ukuthunyelwa okuzenzakalelayo)…

Izimoto zikagesi azinazo lezi zinkinga. Amabhethri namabhethri emoto kagesi akhiqiza ukushisa, kodwa ukuchithwa kokushisa kulula kakhulu kunezinjini ezivuthayo zangaphakathi. Ukuguqulwa kwamandla ezimoto zikagesi akufanele kube kungcolile futhi kuntekenteke, kusetshenziswa ukuxhumana okuqinile nezintambo eziguquguqukayo. Ukusebenza kwezimoto zikagesi kulula, ngoba ubuchwepheshe bokusebenza kwesistimu kagesi bunzima kakhulu.

Ngokwesibonelo, abantu abaningi bayazi ukuthi izimoto zikagesi ziyashesha kunezimoto zikaphethiloli. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi amandla okulawula enjini aphansi kunalawo enjini evuthayo yangaphakathi. Esinye isibonelo siwukuthi esikhundleni sokulawula isivinini sesondo ngalinye, imoto kagesi ingamane ifake injini ezimele esondweni ngalinye. Ngakho-ke, ukuqondisa kuzoqala ukugxuma. Ngenxa yezinkinga zokudlulisela