Uhlalutyo lweenzuzo kunye nokungonakali kweteknoloji yebhetri yemoto yombane kaTesla

Ukungena kwemoto yombane kaTesla kwimarike yaseTshayina isanda kwenza iintloko. Yintoni ekhethekileyo ngoTesla? Ngaba oku kuyahambelana nendlela yophuhliso lweemoto? Ikhuseleke kangakanani? Njengenjineli esebenze kwiinkampani ezintathu ezinkulu zeemoto zase-US (i-Ford, i-GM, kunye ne-Chrysler), ndifuna ukwabelana ngombono wam ngombono kaTesla.

Ngaphambi kokuba sixoxe ngoTesla, makhe sazise ngokufutshane izithuthi zombane. “Izithuthi zombane” njengoko zisetyenziswe kweli nqaku zibhekisela kwiinqwelo zombane ezicocekileyo ezinamandla azenzekelayo, ngaphandle kwezithuthi ezixubileyo kunye neenqwelo zangaphandle (ezifana neetram).

Ngokufana nokuhamba komntu, iimoto zombane kunye neebhetri ze-lithium ziyintliziyo yokuphuma kwamandla, ngelixa inkqubo yokuhanjiswa kwe-central ngamathambo kunye nezihlunu zokuhambisa amandla, ekugqibeleni ziqhubela phambili i-casters. Njengoko kuboniswe kumfanekiso ongentla, zombini iimoto zombane kunye neemoto zepetroli zinentliziyo, amathambo, imisipha kunye neenyawo, kodwa iindlela zokuhambisa amandla zihlukile.

Uhlalutyo lweenzuzo kunye nokungonakali kweteknoloji yebhetri yemoto yombane kaTesla

Iimoto zombane azinayo igesi ephumayo

Zininzi izinto eziluncedo kwizithuthi zombane:

Eyokuqala kukugcina amandla. Njengoko sisazi sonke, iimoto zemveli ziqhutywa ngepetroleum. Xa kuthelekiswa neminye imithombo ebalulekileyo yamandla, oovimba bancinci kwaye abahlaziyeki. Nangona iingcali beziphikisana ngokuba ingakanani ioli ekusafuneka ikhutshwe kula mashumi eminyaka akutshanje, into engenakuphikiswa yeyokuba ioli egcinwe kuyo iyehla, yaye ngoku imveliso iye yafikelela incopho yayo. Abaqhubi beemoto abajongene nokunyuka kwamaxabiso e-oyile nabo baza kuvumelana nolu luvo.

Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yokungangqinelani phakathi kwamazwe avelisa i-oyile ebalulekileyo (kuMbindi Mpuma, eRashiya, nakuMbindi Asia) kunye namazwe abalulekileyo atya i-oyile (i-US, iNtshona Yurophu, neMpuma ye-Asiya), kuye kwakho inkohlakalo yezopolitiko, ezoqoqosho kunye nezomkhosi. ukhuphiswano lweoyile amashumi eminyaka. Umzabalazo wolawulo. Lo mba ukwabaluleke kakhulu kwilizwe lethu. Ngo-2013, i-China yadlula i-United States ukuba ibe lelona lizwe lithenga i-oyile enkulu kwihlabathi, kwaye ukuxhomekeka kwayo kwi-oli yangaphandle kwakusondele kwi-60%. Ke ngoko, ukuphuhliswa kwezithuthi zombane kunye nokunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwi-oyile kubaluleke kakhulu kukhuseleko lwezoqoqosho kunye ne-geopolitical yaseTshayina.

Iimoto zombane zisebenzisa umbane wesibini. Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zemithombo yombane, equka amanzi ahlaziyekayo, umoya, amandla elanga, namandla anokubakho enyukliya anokubakho, kunye namalahle, axhaphake ngakumbi kuneoli. Ke ngoko, ukuba iimoto zombane ziyathandwa, aziyi kutshintsha kakhulu kuphela indlela yokuphila yabantu, kodwa kunye nepateni yehlabathi jikelele.

Inzuzo yesibini yezithuthi zombane kukuba zinceda ukulwa ne-smog. Umbhobho wemoto ngumthombo obalulekileyo womsi wasezidolophini. Ngoku, amazwe awahlukahlukeneyo anemithetho engqongqo nengqongqo ngokukhutshwa kombhobho okhutshwa ziimoto. Nangona kunjalo, izithuthi zombane azikhuphi igesi ephumayo ngexesha lokuqhuba, enenzuzo ebonakalayo ekulawuleni ungcoliseko lomoya ezidolophini. Ngokubhekiselele kungcoliseko olupheleleyo, nangona kukho ungcoliseko olubangelwa kukuveliswa kwamandla okubaselwa ngamalahle, amaziko amakhulu ombane asebenzisa umbane omninzi kuneenjini zedizili ezixengaxengayo kwaye zinokudityaniswa ukuze kuncitshiswe izinto ezikhutshwayo.

Inqaku lesithathu lilungelo lokudlulisela kunye nokulawula, ezihambelana nezinye iimpawu zokuhanjiswa kwesithuthi sombane. Umzekelo, ii-injini zepetroli ezisebenza kumawaka eedegrees ngokukaCelsius kunye ne-atmospheres ezininzi zifuna ubugcisa obuntsonkothileyo bokwenza kunye nezakhono zokusebenza, kunye nenkqubo engumbhodamo negudileyo kunye nenkqubo yokupholisa eqhubekayo ikhuphela ubushushu bepetroli exabisekileyo emoyeni. I-injini idinga ukulungiswa rhoqo kunye nokutshintshwa kwe-oyile. I-injini idlulisela amandla kumavili ngebhokisi yegiya emdaka, ishaft yokuqhuba kunye nebhokisi yegiya. Uninzi lwenkqubo yothumelo lufezekiswa ngokuhlangana okunzima kweegiya zetsimbi kunye neebheringi. Yonke into ifuna inkqubo yokuvelisa emdaka kunye ne-glitch elula (cinga ukuba bangaphi abavelisi abaye bakhumbula ukuhanjiswa okuzenzekelayo)…

Iimoto zombane azinazo ezi ngxaki. Iibhetri kunye neebhetri zeemoto zombane zivelisa ubushushu, kodwa ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kulula kakhulu kuneenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi. Ukuguqulwa kwamandla ezithuthi zombane akufanele kube yinto engcolileyo kunye ne-fragile, usebenzisa uxhulumaniso olunzima kunye neengcingo eziguquguqukayo. Ukusebenza kwezithuthi zombane kulula, kuba iteknoloji yokusebenza yenkqubo yombane inzima kakhulu.

Ngokomzekelo, abantu abaninzi bayazi ukuba iimoto zombane zikhawuleza kuneemoto zepetroli. Oku kungenxa yokuba amandla olawulo e-injini angaphantsi kunalawo enjini yokutsha yangaphakathi. Omnye umzekelo ngowokuba endaweni yokulawula isantya sevili ngalinye, inqwelo-mafutha yombane ngokwentelekiso inokufakela nje injini ezimeleyo kwivili ngalinye. Ngoko ke, i-steering iya kuqala ukutsiba. Ngenxa yeengxaki zosulelo