Okwangoku, imveliso yelizwe lam eyongezelekayo yezithuthi zamandla amatsha idlule kwi-2.8 yezigidi, ibekwe kwindawo yokuqala kwihlabathi. Umthamo opheleleyo oxhasayo weebhetri zombane zelizwe lam udlula iitoni ezingama-900,000, kwaye iibhetri ezininzi zenkunkuma zikhatshwa zizo. Ukulahlwa ngokungafanelekanga kweebhetri ezindala kuya kubangela ungcoliseko olubi lwendalo esingqongileyo kunye nokwenzakala kwimpilo yabantu.

Ngokutsho kwesibikezelo seZiko loPhando lweTekhnoloji yaseChina, inani elipheleleyo leebhetri zamandla enkunkuma liya kufikelela kwi-120,000 ukuya kwiitoni ze-200,000 ukusuka kwi-2018 ukuya kwi-2020; ngo-2025, umthamo wonyaka we-scrap wamandla ebhetri ye-lithium unokufikelela kwi-350,000 yeetoni, ebonisa ukunyuka okunyukayo unyaka nonyaka.

Ngo-Agasti 2018, uMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi ubhengeze “IiMimiselo yeThutyana malunga nokuLawulwa kokuLawula ukuBuyiswa kunye nokuSetyenziswa kweebhetri zaMandla kwiZithuthi zaMandla amatsha”, ezaqala ukusebenza ngo-Agasti 1, 2018. Abavelisi beemoto baya kuthwala eyona nto iphambili. uxanduva lokurisayikilishwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kweebhetri zamandla. Uhlaziyo lweemoto kunye neenkampani ezichithayo, iinkampani ezisebenzisa imigangatho, kunye neenkampani zokurisayikilisha kufuneka zenze uxanduva oluhambelanayo kuyo yonke imiba yokwenziwa ngokutsha kwebhetri yamandla.

Ngokutsho kohlalutyo lwe-arhente, ubomi benkonzo yeebhetri zemoto zombane eziveliswe ekuqaleni kwe-2014 ngokuqhelekileyo iminyaka emi-5-8. Ngokwexesha lokuthengisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zamandla amatsha, ibhetshi yokuqala yeebhetri zemoto zombane kwimarike ifikelele kwinqanaba elibalulekileyo lokupheliswa.

Okwangoku, izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kwiimarike ziyi-cobalt, i-lithium, i-nickel, njl. Ngokunyuka kweemfuno zemarike, inzuzo yezoqoqosho nayo inkulu. Ngokutsho kwedatha ye-WIND, kwikota yesithathu ye-2018, ixabiso eliqhelekileyo le-lithium carbonate lalimalunga ne-114,000 yuan / ton, kwaye ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lebhetri ye-lithium carbonate yayingu-80-85 yuan / ton.

Ingenza ntoni ibhetri yelithium esetyenzisiweyo?

Xa umthamo webhetri yamandla endala ubola ngaphantsi kwe-80%, imoto ayikwazi ukuqhuba ngokuqhelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kusekho amandla angaphezulu anokusetyenziswa kwezinye iindawo ezifana nokugcinwa kwamandla kunye nokuhanjiswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic. Imfuno yesiseko sezikhululo zonxibelelwano inkulu kwaye inokufunxa uninzi lwenkunkuma yamandla ebhetri ye-lithium. Idatha ibonisa ukuba ubungakanani botyalo-mali kwizikhululo ezisisiseko zonxibelelwano lweselula ngo-2017 kulindeleke ukuba lifikelele kwi-52.9 yeebhiliyoni zeeyuan, ukwanda kwe-4.34% ngonyaka.

Imigaqo-nkqubo encomekayo inceda iinkampani ezirisayikilisha ukuba zihluthe amashishini

Makhe sithathe iNqaba yaseTshayina njengomzekelo. I-China Tower ibonelela ngesiseko sonxibelelwano sokwakhiwa kwesikhululo kunye neenkonzo zokusebenza kubaqhubi bonxibelelwano. Ukusebenza kwenqaba yonxibelelwano kusekelwe kwimithombo yamandla egciniweyo. Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yolu hlobo lwamandla okugcina asetyenziswa ukuba ziibhetri ze-lead-asidi. I-Iron Tower Company ithenga malunga ne-100,000 yeetoni zeebhetri ze-lead-asidi ngonyaka, kodwa iibhetri ze-lead-asidi zineengxaki ezithile, ezifana nobomi obufutshane benkonzo, ukusebenza okuphantsi, kwaye ziqulethe isixa esikhulu sentsimbi enzima. , Ukuba ilahlwa, kulula ukubangela ukungcola okwesibini kwimo engqongileyo ukuba ayiphathwa ngokufanelekileyo.

Ukongeza ekuthengeni iibhetri ezintsha ze-lithium njengemithombo yamandla, i-China Tower iphinde yavavanya amawaka eebhetri zesikhululo kwiphondo le-12 kunye nezixeko kwilizwe lonke ukuba zithathe indawo yeebhetri ze-lead-acid. Ukusukela ekupheleni kuka-2018, malunga nezikhululo ezisisiseko ze-120,000 kumaphondo angama-31 kunye nezixeko kwilizwe liphela ziye zazisebenzisa. Ibhetri ye-trapezoidal malunga ne-1.5GWh ithatha indawo malunga neetoni ze-45,000 zeebhetri ze-lead-acid.

Ukongeza, i-GEM ilungiselela ngokusebenzayo ixesha le-post-subsidy yezithuthi zamandla amatsha. Ngokusetyenziswa kwe-cascade kunye nokuphinda kusetyenziswe izinto, i-GEM yakhe isixokelelwano sexabiso lomjikelo wobomi obugcweleyo ukurisayikilisha iipakethi zebhetri kunye nemathiriyeli yokuhlaziya izithuthi zamandla amatsha. I-Hubei GEM Co., Ltd. yakha umgca wokuqhawula obukrelekrele kunye nongonakalisi amandla ombane asetyenzisiweyo, kwaye yaphuhlisa ulwelo-inqanaba lokudityaniswa kunye neenkqubo zokudityaniswa kobushushu obuphezulu. I-cobalt powder e-spherical eveliswayo ingasetyenziselwa ngokuthe ngqo kwimveliso yezinto ze-cathode zebhetri.

Ngaba ibhetri yamandla echithiweyo iyasebenza?

Ukuqwalasela umphumo wokusetyenziswa kwangoku kwenkampani, kungekhona nje iNkampani yeNqaba, kodwa kunye ne-State Grid Daxing kunye neZhangbei baye bakha iziko lokubonisa eBeijing. I-Beijing Automotive kunye neNew Energy Battery Co. ziye zasebenzisana ukuphuhlisa iiprojekthi zesikhululo samandla sokugcina amandla kunye neeprojekthi zokugcina amandla ezikhongozelweni. I-Shenzhen BYD, Iibhetri ezidla umhlala-phantsi zeLangfang High-tech Inkampani ziimveliso zebhetri ezilungiselelwe kwindawo yokusetyenziswa. I-Wuxi GEM kunye ne-SF Express baphonononga ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zebhetri kwizithuthi zolungiselelo lwasedolophini. I-Zhongtiahong Lithium kunye nabanye baye bakhuthaza ukusetyenziswa kweenqwelo zebhetri kwizithuthi ezifana nogutyulo kunye nokhenketho ngokusebenzisa imodeli yokuqeshisa.

Ukwenzela ukubeka emgangathweni eli shishini, amasebe afanelekileyo nawo sele eqalisile ukuseka inkqubo yokurisayikilisha kweebhetri zamandla, kwaye aqhube iqonga lesizwe elihlangeneyo lolawulo lokuhlola isithuthi samandla amatsha kunye nokurisayikilisha kwebhetri yamandla kunye nokulandeleka. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amashishini okuvelisa iimoto angama-393, amashishini alahliweyo angama-44 okurisayikilisha iimoto kunye nokudilizwa, amashishini angama-37 eechelon asebenzisa iiechelon kunye nama-42 amashishini okurisayikilisha ajoyine iqonga lesizwe.

UMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye neTekhnoloji yoLwazi naye ugqibe ekubeni enze iiprojekthi zolingo zokurisayikilisha kwiindawo ezili-17 ezibandakanya iBeijing-Tianjin-Hebei kunye neShanghai, kunye namashishini asekhaya entsimbi. “I-Beck New Energy, i-GAC Mitsubishi kunye nezinye iinkampani ezingama-45 ziye zaseka inani elipheleleyo lama-3204 eendawo zokuphinda zisetyenziswe, ingakumbi kwingingqi ye-Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, i-Yangtze River Delta, i-Pearl River Delta, kunye nommandla osembindini onenani elikhulu. yezithuthi zamandla amatsha.

Nangona kunjalo, njengeshishini elitsha, indlela engaphambili ngokuqinisekileyo ayigudi. Obona bunzima bukhulu bubandakanya umqobo wobugcisa wokurisayikilishwa okungekaqhawuki, inkqubo yokurisayikilisha ayikabunjwa, kunye nobunzima bokwenza ingeniso kwakhona. Ngokubhekiselele koku, kuyimfuneko ukuphucula inkqubo yenkxaso yomgaqo-nkqubo, ukwazisa amanyathelo enkuthazo ahlukeneyo, ukuze amashishini angcamle iingenelo, adlale indima epheleleyo kwindima yabadlali bemarike, kukhawuleziswe ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yokurisayikilisha, kunye nokwenza amandla amaninzi.

Ngokwewebhusayithi yoMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye nobuChwepheshe boLwazi, ubuchwephesha bangoku bokurisayikilisha bukhulile ngokwentelekiso, kodwa ubugcisa obuphambili kunye nezixhobo ezifana nokutsalwa ngokufanelekileyo kweentsimbi ezixabisekileyo kufuneka ziphuculwe. Inqanaba lothintelo longcoliseko lokuchithwa kunye nokunyangwa kweebhetri zamandla amdaka kufuneka ziphuculwe. Ukuhlaziywa kweebhetri ze-lithium iron phosphate kujongene nengxaki yoqoqosho olubi.

Kwinyathelo elilandelayo, i-Ofisi yoMphathiswa wezoShishino kunye nobuChwepheshe boLwazi izakusebenzisa ngokupheleleyo iziseko zemizi-mveliso esele zikho kwiimoto ezilahliweyo, ukudilizwa kombane kunye nombane, kunye nesinyithi esingeyontsimbi, kunye nokulungelelanisa uyilo lwamashishini ombane okurisayikilisha iibhetri ukukhuthaza uphuhliso oluzinzileyo. yoshishino.

Ngemigaqo-nkqubo encomekayo kunye nokusasazwa kwamandla amaninzi okurisayikilisha kweebhetri ngamashishini entengiso, ikhonkco lemizi-mveliso elipheleleyo nelisemgangathweni kulindeleke ukuba lenziwe kwixesha elizayo.