Njengamanje, ukukhiqizwa kwezwe lami kwezimoto ezintsha ezikhiqiza amandla kudlule izigidi ezi-2.8, kukleliswe kuqala emhlabeni. Isamba somthamo wokusekela wamabhethri kagesi ezwe lami adlula amathani ayizi-900,000, futhi amabhethri kadoti engeziwe ahambisana nawo. Ukulahlwa ngendlela engafanele kwamabhethri amadala kuzodala ukungcoliswa kwemvelo okukhulu kanye nokulimala empilweni yabantu.

Ngokwesibikezelo se-China Automotive Technology Research Center, inani eliphelele lamabhethri amandla alahlwayo lizofinyelela kumathani ayi-120,000 kuya ku-200,000 kusukela ngo-2018 kuya ku-2020; ngo-2025, umthamo wonyaka we-scrap wamandla webhethri ye-lithium ungase ufinyelele amathani angu-350,000, okubonisa ukukhuphuka okunyukayo unyaka nonyaka.

Ngo-Agasti 2018, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi umemezele “Imithetho Yesikhashana Yokulawulwa Kokulandelelwa Kokutholwa Nokusetshenziswa Kwamandla Amandla Ezimotweni Ezintsha Zamandla”, eqale ukusebenza ngomhla ka-1 Agasti 2018. Abakhiqizi bezimoto bazobhekana nokuyinhloko. isibopho sokugaywa kabusha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamabhethri anamandla. Izinkampani ezigaya kabusha nokudiliza izimoto, izinkampani ezisebenzisa izigaba, nezinkampani ezigaya kabusha kufanele zenze izibopho ezihambisanayo kuzo zonke izici zokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri lamandla.

Ngokusho kokuhlaziywa kwe-ejensi, impilo yesevisi yamabhethri emoto kagesi akhiqizwa ekuqaleni kuka-2014 ngokuvamile iminyaka engu-5-8. Ngokwesikhathi sokuthengisa nokusetshenziswa kwezimoto zamandla amasha, iqoqo lokuqala lamabhethri ezimoto zikagesi emakethe selifinyelele eqophelweni elibucayi lokuqedwa.

Njengamanje, izinto eziningi ezibalulekile emakethe ziyi-cobalt, i-lithium, i-nickel, njll. Ngokukhula kwesidingo semakethe, izinzuzo zezomnotho nazo zinkulu. Ngokusho kwedatha ye-WIND, engxenyeni yesithathu ka-2018, inani lentengo le-lithium carbonate lalilinganiselwa ku-114,000 yuan/ton, kanti intengo emaphakathi yebhethri-grade lithium carbonate yayingu-80-85 yuan/ton.

Yini engenziwa ibhethri ye-lithium egaywe kabusha?

Uma umthamo webhethri elidala lamandla abola ngaphansi kuka-80%, imoto ngeke isakwazi ukushayela ngendlela evamile. Kodwa-ke, asekhona amandla asele angasetshenziswa kwezinye izinkambu ezifana nokugcinwa kwamandla kanye nokukhiqizwa kwamandla we-photovoltaic asatshalaliswa. Isidingo seziteshi eziyisisekelo zokuxhumana sikhulu futhi singamunca iningi lamabhethri alahlwayo e-lithium. Idatha ikhombisa ukuthi isikali sokutshalwa kwezimali eziteshini eziyisisekelo zokuxhumana ngomakhalekhukhwini ngo-2017 kulindeleke ukuthi sifinyelele kuma-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-52.9, okuwukunyuka ngo-4.34% unyaka nonyaka.

Izinqubomgomo ezithandekayo zisiza izinkampani ezigaya kabusha ukuthi zibambe izitolo zemboni

Ake sithathe i-China Tower njengesibonelo. I-China Tower inikeza isisekelo sokuxhumana sokwakhiwa kwesiteshi kanye nezinsizakalo zokusebenza kubaqhubi bezokuxhumana. Ukusebenza kombhoshongo wokuxhumana kusekelwe emithonjeni yamandla eyisipele. Ingxenye ebalulekile yalolu hlobo lwamandla ayisipele esetshenziswa amabhethri e-lead-acid. I-Iron Tower Company ithenga cishe amathani angu-100,000 amabhethri e-lead-acid unyaka ngamunye, kodwa amabhethri e-lead-acid anobubi obuthile, njengempilo yesevisi emfushane, ukusebenza okuphansi, futhi aqukethe nenani elikhulu lomthofu wensimbi enzima. , Uma ilahlwa, kulula ukubangela ukungcola kwesibili endaweni ezungezile uma ingaphathwa kahle.

Ngaphezu kokuthenga amabhethri e-lithium amasha njengemithombo yamandla, i-China Tower iphinde yahlola izinkulungwane zamabhethri eziteshi eziyisisekelo ezifundazweni ezingu-12 nasemadolobheni ezweni lonke ukuze kungene amabhethri e-lead-acid. Kusukela ekupheleni konyaka wezi-2018, cishe iziteshi eziyi-120,000 ezifundazweni nasemadolobheni angama-31 ezweni lonke sezizisebenzisile. Ibhethri ye-trapezoidal cishe engu-1.5GWh ithatha indawo yamathani angu-45,000 wamabhethri e-lead-acid.

Ukwengeza, i-GEM ilungiselela ngenkuthalo inkathi yangemva koxhaso lwezimoto ezintsha zamandla. Ngokusetshenziswa kwe-cascade kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwezinto, i-GEM yakhe isistimu yochungechunge lwenani lomjikelezo wempilo ogcwele wokugaya kabusha amaphakethe webhethri nezinto zokugaywa kabusha ezimotweni zamandla amasha. I-Hubei GEM Co., Ltd. yakha ulayini wokuhlakaza ohlakaniphile futhi ongacekeli phansi amandla kagesi alahlwayo, futhi yathuthukisa izinqubo zokwenziwa kwesigaba se-liquid kanye ne-high-temperature synthesis. I-cobalt powder eyindilinga ekhiqizwayo ingasetshenziswa ngokuqondile ekukhiqizeni izinto ze-cathode zebhethri.

Ingabe ibhethri lamandla ashiyiwe liyasebenza?

Uma sibheka umphumela wokusetshenziswa kwamanje kwenkampani, hhayi kuphela i-Tower Company, kodwa ne-State Grid Daxing kanye ne-Zhangbei bakhe isikhungo sokubonisa e-Beijing. I-Beijing Automotive kanye ne-New Energy Battery Co. zibambisane ukuthuthukisa amaphrojekthi esiteshi samandla esigcina amandla kanye namaphrojekthi okugcina amandla aneziqukathi. I-Shenzhen BYD, Amabhethri asethathe umhlalaphansi e-Langfang High-tech Company ayimikhiqizo yebhethri ehlelwe emkhakheni wokusetshenziswa. I-Wuxi GEM kanye ne-SF Express bahlola ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto zamabhethri ezimotweni zokuthutha zasemadolobheni. I-Zhongtiahong Lithium nabanye bakhuthaze ukusetshenziswa kwezimoto zamabhethri ezimotweni ezifana nokukhucululwa kwendle nezokuvakasha ngemodeli yokuqashisa.

Ukuze kumiswe le mboni, iminyango efanele nayo isiqalile ukusungula uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri anamandla, futhi iqhube inkundla yokuphatha edidiyelwe kazwelonke yokuqapha imoto yamandla amasha kanye nokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri lamandla kanye nokulandeleka. Kuze kube manje, amabhizinisi okukhiqiza izimoto angama-393, amabhizinisi angama-44 okugaya kabusha nokudiliza izimoto, amabhizinisi angama-37 asebenzisa ama-echelon kanye nama-42 agaya kabusha ajoyine inkundla kazwelonke.

UMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi uphinde wanquma ukwenza amaphrojekthi okulinga kabusha okugaywa kabusha ezifundeni eziyi-17 okuhlanganisa iBeijing-Tianjin-Hebei neShanghai, kanye namabhizinisi asekhaya ensimbi. “I-Beck New Energy, i-GAC Mitsubishi nezinye izinkampani ezingu-45 sezisungule isamba sezindawo zokugaywa kabusha ezingu-3204, ikakhulukazi esifundeni saseBeijing-Tianjin-Hebei, i-Yangtze River Delta, i-Pearl River Delta, kanye nesifunda esimaphakathi nesibalo esikhulu. wezimoto ezintsha zamandla.

Kodwa-ke, njengemboni entsha, indlela ezayo ayilungile neze. Ubunzima obukhulu buhlanganisa ibhodlela lobuchwepheshe lokuphinda ligaywe kabusha okusamele linqanyulwe, uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha alukakakhiwa, kanye nobunzima bokwenza inzuzo yokugaya kabusha. Mayelana nalokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi kwenziwe ngcono uhlelo lokusekela inqubomgomo, kwethulwe izindlela zokukhuthaza ezehlukene, ukuze amabhizinisi anambithe izinzuzo, anikeze ukudlala okuphelele endimeni yabadlali bemakethe, asheshise ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokugaywa kabusha, futhi akhe amandla amaningi.

Ngokwesizindalwazi soMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi, ubuchwepheshe bamanje bokuphinda busetshenziswe sebukhulile, kodwa ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile nezinto zokusebenza ezifana nokukhipha izinsimbi ezibalulekile ezidingekayo kufanele kuthuthukiswe. Izinga lokuvimbela ukungcoliswa kokuhlakazwa nokwelashwa kwamabhethri alahlwayo kagesi kumele lithuthukiswe. Ukugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate kubhekene nenkinga yomnotho ompofu.

Esinyathelweni esilandelayo, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi uzosebenzisa ngokugcwele izisekelo zezimboni ezikhona zezimoto ezilahliwe, ukuhlakazwa kwe-elekthronikhi nekagesi, kanye nokusansimbi okungeyona insimbi, futhi uqondise ukuhlelwa kwezinkampani ezigaya kabusha amabhethri amandla ukuze kuthuthukiswe intuthuko esimeme. wemboni.

Ngezinqubomgomo ezivumayo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwamandla amaningi okugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri ngamabhizinisi emakethe, uchungechunge lwezimboni oluphelele nolusezingeni kulindeleke ukuthi lwakhiwe esikhathini esizayo.