Kune akawanda maindasitiri, 2020 yapfuura pasina mubvunzo raive gore rakaoma kwazvo, asi kumotokari nyowani dzesimba, raive gore rerombo.

NIO isimba idzva muindasitiri yekugadzira mota dzepamba. Kubva payakanyorwa pamusika wemasheya weUS muna Chikumi 2020, mutengo wayo wekugovana wakakwira neinopfuura 1,200%, ichipfuura kukosha kwemusika kwemakambani emotokari echinyakare akadai seMercedes-Benz neGeneral Motors. Tisingatauri Tesla pakati pedutu. Huwandu hwayo hwemusika hunosvika madhora mazana masere nemakumi matatu emadhora, ichipfuura General Motors, Toyota neFord dzakasanganiswa.

Kusimuka kwemotokari nyowani dzesimba kunoreva kuwedzera kukuru kwekuda. Mumwedzi mitanhatu yapfuura, mabhatiri e-lithium iron phosphate akatanga kushanda zvakare.

Zvinoenderana nedata rakaburitswa neChina Automotive Power Battery Industry Innovation Alliance, iyo yakawedzera kutengesa kwemabhatiri emagetsi epamba muna 2020 ichave 65.9GWh, iyo iyo yakawedzera kutengesa ichave 34.8GWh, gore negore kuderera kwe34.4%; iyo yakawedzera kutengesa kwe lithium iron phosphate mabhatiri ichave 30.8GWh, gore-pa-gore kuwedzera kwe49.2%. Iri ndiro chete bhatiri remagetsi rine gore negore kuwedzera kwekutengesa.

Panguva imwecheteyo, yakakanganiswa nehukama pakati pekupa uye kudiwa, kubva muna Ndira 2021, mutengo wemumba bhatiri-giredhi lithium carbonate wakaramba uchikwira, uye mutengo wazvino uno unowanzo 62,000-67,000 yuan/ton.

Sei iyo lithium iron phosphate bhatiri, iyo yakanga isina kufarirwa nemusika munguva yakapfuura, yakava “inotapira hunhu” hwemusika? Iyo lithium iron phosphate bhatiri yasimuka zvakare?

simba uye chikuru, mhando dzakakurumbira dzinobatsira kubvisa

Zvinoenderana nedhata yakaburitswa neruzivo rutsva rwefern, nhamba yakaburitswa yelithium iron phosphate zvinhu muna 2019 yaive 97,500 matani, iyo yakawedzera kusvika 142,000 matani muna 2020, kuwedzera kwegore-pagore kwe45.7%, uye chiyero chekukura chakanyanya. yakakwirira kudarika zvimwe zvinhu zvecathode.

Kunyanya, iyo inobuda inonyanya kuiswa mumakambani maviri anotungamira muGermany, Fangna naHunan Yuling; pakati pavo, ine yakagadzikana mutengi migero uye kugadzirwa kwesimba zvakanakira, gore negore goho rinoramba richitungamira. Guoxuan High-Tech inoonekwa zvakanyanya semapiyona mumunda wekuchengetedza simba uye mabhasikoro, ichiteverwa nekudiwa kwayo kwe lithium iron.

(mufananidzo kubva ku “Foresight Economist”)

Kare, lithium iron phosphate yainyanya kunyura muchikamu chemagetsi, asi gare gare nekuda kwezviyero zverubatsiro, budiriro yakatanga kudzikira. Lithium iron phosphate inofarirwa muminda isiri-simba senge chengetedzo yesimba nekuda kwekukosha kwayo kunobatsira.

Nekudaro, iyo huru nhandare yehondo yelithium iron phosphate mabhatiri ndiyo munda wemabhatiri emagetsi. Muna 2020, musika webhatiri remagetsi uchaverengera ingangoita hafu yekushandiswa kwelithium iron phosphate zvinhu, musika wekuchengetedza simba uchaita isingasviki 30%, uye zvikamu zvekuchengetedza mushure mekutengesa uye bhasikoro zvichaverengera 7% ne4%. , zvichiteerana.

Nguva pfupi yadarika, lithium iron phosphate mabhatiri akatanga kutora zvakare, zvakanyanya nekuda kwekubudirira mumusika webhatiri remagetsi. Mamodheru mazhinji muna 2020 ane lithium iron phosphate mabhatiri, anosanganisira Tesla Model 3 akashongedzerwa neNingde nguva lithium iron phosphate mabhatiri, BYD Han ane lithium iron phosphate blade mabhatiri, uye akawanda modhi eWuling Hongguang MINI anewo lithium iron phosphate. . Bhatiri.

Mabhindauko etekinoroji, rubatsiro kana remangwana zvese zvinogoneka

Ndinotenda kuti vanhu vazhinji vanoziva mabhatiri e lithium iron phosphate. Nekuda kwehupenyu hwayo hurefu hwesevhisi, kuchengetedzeka kwepamusoro, kumira zvakanaka kwekushisa kwepamusoro, huwandu hukuru, uye kuchengetedza kwezvakatipoteredza, yakwezva kutarisisa kwakapararira muindastiri. Muchikamu chekutanga chemusika wemotokari yemagetsi matsva, mota zhinji dzemagetsi dzaishandisa lithium iron phosphate mabhatiri, akadai seyekutanga Roewe E550 uye BYD Qin.

Nekudaro, sezvo mutemo werubatsiro wakabatana nekuwanda kwesimba rebhatiri, kudiwa kwemagetsi akachena kunowedzera, uye kuvandudzwa kweternary lithium bhatiri tekinoroji, ternary lithium mabhatiri ane simba rakanyanya density uye huwandu hwehuwandu hwatanga kufarirwa nemusika.

Panguva imwecheteyo, zvimwe zvikanganiso zve lithium iron phosphate mabhatiri zvakare akakwidziridzwa.

Semuenzaniso, density density uye compaction density ye lithium iron phosphate mabhatiri yakaderera kwazvo, zvichikonzera kuderera kwesimba; maererano nekushomeka kwekushisa kwekushisa, muganho wakaderera wekushandiswa kwakadzika kwekushisa kweternary lithium mabhatiri -30 ℃, nepo muganho wepasi wekushomeka kwekushisa kushandiswa kwe lithium iron phosphate mabhatiri ndeye -At 20 ° C, simba rekudzivirira re lithium iron phosphate. mabhatiri munguva yechando anonyanya kuoneka. Iyi ndiyo zvakare kiyi yekubudirira kweBYD kumaodzanyemba kweChina, asi zvakaoma kuvhura musika wekuchamhembe.

Parizvino, lithium iron phosphate mabhatiri awanazve kufarirwa kwemusika, kunyanya nekuda kwezvinhu zviviri zvinotevera:

Imwe budiriro mune tekinoroji. Zvichitevera kutangwa kweBYD’s blade bhatiri, Guniu Technology yakatanga itsva lithium iron phosphate bhatiri chigadzirwa musi wa8 Ndira 2021. Kubva pa “high-gram capacity silicon anode material uye advanced pre-lithium technology”, simba rayo ndere 210Wh/kg.

Mumazuva mashoma anotevera, NiO ichavhura 150kWh solid-state bhatiri (yakazotsanangura uye yakabvuma kuti ichokwadi semi-yakasimba bhatiri) ine simba density ye360Wh/kg. Zhihai Electric yakaburitsa mota yayo itsva yekutanga uye yakazivisa kuti inotora tekinoroji yebhatiri yekucheka yakabatanidzwa pamwe chete neCATL. Kuwanda kwesimba rebhatiri rimwe chete kunogona kusvika 300Wh/kg. Makambani ese ari maviri atora tekinoroji ye “silicon anode material + pre-lithium”.

Kubva panguva, isingasviki mwedzi yapfuura kubva 2021. Munguva yepamusoro-soro, Ningde, Wei, Smart Cars uye GAC vakaratidza tariro pamusoro pe lithium teknolojia yesilicon anode zvinhu, zvichiratidza zvikomborero zve teknolojia itsva ye “silicon carbon. anode, pre lithium ”phosphoric acid Lithium iron mabhatiri anotarisirwa kuve akavhurika kune indasitiri-chiyero kusimudzira uye kushandiswa gore rino.

Chechipiri, mutemo werubatsiro uri kupera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye vagadziri vemotokari dzemagetsi matsva vanoda nekuchimbidza kudzikisa mutengo wekugadzira mota, saka vanoisa pfungwa dzavo kune lithium iron phosphate mabhatiri.

Muna Kubvumbi 2020, gwara idzva rerubatsiro rwesimba rakaziviswa, iro risingangotauri chete kuti mutengo wesimba idzva rubatsiro rusati rwapihwa unofanira kunge uri mukati me300,000 yuan, asi zvakare inotaura kusimba nekumhanya kwekudzikira zvishoma nezvishoma kwerubatsiro mumakore maviri anotevera. Pazuva rekupedzisira ra2020, Bazi reMari, Bazi reIndasitiri neRuzivo rweTekinoroji, Bazi reSainzi neTekinoroji, uye National Development and Reform Commission vakabatana vakapa chiziviso chekuti chiyero cherubatsiro chemotokari dzemagetsi matsva muna 2021 zvichave. yakaderedzwa ne20% kubva padanho ra2020. Panguva imwecheteyo, ikozvino yekutenga subsidy tekinoroji chiratidzo system uye chikumbaridzo zvinodiwa zvicharamba zvisina kuchinjwa muna 2021.

Kuenzaniswa ne ternary lithium iron phosphate mabhatiri, lithium iron phosphate mabhatiri ane mabhenefiti makuru. Pakutanga, munhu aitarisira mugadziri webhatiri system akataura kuti mutengo wakaderera welithium iron phosphate mabhatiri usingabatanidze mutero ungangoita 0.4 yuan / Wh, mutengo wemukati wepakeji i0.6 yuan / Wh uye mutsauko wemutengo pakati pemakambani akasiyana 0.1 -0.15 yuan / Wh Zvakanyanya; mutengo we ternary NCM523 package inenge 0.75-0.9 yuan/Wh.

Kana isina kukwana, zvese zvinogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekusiyanisa

Hapana chakakwana. Kunyangwe paine mabhindauko mukusimba kwesimba uye mutengo wakanakira, zvichienzaniswa neternary lithium mabhatiri, kukosha kwekudzokorodza kwemabhatiri mushure mekurega basa kwakadzikira, kuchiri kukanganisa kukuru.

MuChina, kana iyo yakasara yebhatiri yemagetsi ichiri yakakwira mushure mekurega basa, ichashandiswa zvishoma nezvishoma. Kana huwandu hwebhatiri hwakadzikira zvakanyanya, huchabviswa uye kudzokororwa. Kuenzaniswa nemabhatiri e-lithium iron phosphate, zviri mukati me nickel, cobalt, uye manganese mumabhatiri e-ternary lithium yakakwirira, iyo ine kukosha kwekudzokorora uye yakanakira mabhizinesi ekudzokorodza kuti awane purofiti yepamusoro. Naizvozvo, iyo yekutengeserana purofiti modhi yekudzokorodza tsvina ternary lithium mabhatiri akanyanya kukura.

Kusiyana neizvi, kudzokorodza mabhatiri e-lithium iron phosphate hakuna hupfumi. Ikozvino kutevedzana kudzokorodza mutengo we ternary lithium mabhatiri i0.2-0.3 yuan/Wh, uye kukosha kwasara kweyakaraswa ternary lithium mabhatiri ingangoita 0.1 yuan/Wh, nepo lithium iron phosphate mabhatiri anenge asina kukosha.

Ikozvino, kunyangwe zvakanakira mabheti e lithium iron phosphate mabhatiri maererano nekuchovha uye kuchengetedzeka, ternary lithium mabhatiri achine maitiro awo akasiyana. Hapana chimwe chezviviri izvi hachigone kugarisana, asi-lithium iron phosphate mabhatiri achashandiswa mune akawanda maapplication. Zvirongwa mumotokari dzemagetsi dzekutengesa uye mota dzevatyairi dzeA-kirasi uye A0-kirasi uye pazasi zvinonyanya kutarisisa mitengo. Ichi chikamu chevatengi chiri kutsvaga kukosha; ternary lithium mabhatiri anozoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari dzevatyairi dzepamusoro dzinotarisa pakuita.