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Hobaneng ha betri ea lithium iron phosphate e chesa hape?

Bakeng sa liindasteri tse ngata, ha ho pelaelo hore 2020 e fetileng e ne e le selemo se thata haholo, empa bakeng sa likoloi tse ncha tsa matla, e ne e le selemo sa mahlohonolo.

NIO ke matla a macha indastering ea tlhahiso ea likoloi tsa malapeng. Ho tloha ha e thathamisoa ‘marakeng oa setoko sa US ka Phuptjane 2020, theko ea kabelo ea eona e nyolohile ka ho feta 1,200%, e feta boleng ba mmaraka ba lik’hamphani tsa likoloi tsa setso tse kang Mercedes-Benz le General Motors. Re sa bue ka Tesla bohareng ba sefefo. Theko ea hona joale ea ‘maraka e ka bang $830 bilione, e feta General Motors, Toyota le Ford li kopane.

Ho phahama ha likoloi tse ncha tsa matla ka tlhaho ho bolela keketseho e kholo ea tlhokahalo. Likhoeling tse tšeletseng tse fetileng, libeteri tsa lithium iron phosphate li se li qalile ho sebetsa hape.

Ho latela lintlha tse lokollotsoeng ke China Automotive Power Battery Industry Innovation Alliance, thekiso e akaretsang ea libeteri tsa motlakase tsa lapeng ka 2020 e tla ba 65.9GWh, eo thekiso ea eona e tla ba 34.8GWh, phokotso ea selemo le selemo ea 34.4%; thekiso e ntseng e eketseha ea libeteri tsa lithium iron phosphate e tla ba 30.8GWh, keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 49.2%. Ena ke eona feela betri ea matla e nang le keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea thekiso.

Ka nako e ts’oanang, e anngoeng ke kamano pakeng tsa phepelo le tlhoko, ho tloha ka Pherekhong 2021, theko ea lithium carbonate ea lehae ea betri e ntse e phahama, ‘me theko ea hajoale ke 62,000-67,000 yuan/ton.

Ke hobane’ng ha betri ea lithium iron phosphate, e neng e sa ratoe ke ‘maraka nakong e fetileng, e fetohile “tšobotsi e monate” ea’ maraka? Na betri ea lithium iron phosphate e tsoile hape?

matla le ka sehloohong, mehlala e ratoang thusa ho tloha

Ho latela tlhaiso-leseling e fanoeng ke tlhaiso-leseling e ncha ea fern, lipalo-palo tsa lihlahisoa tsa lithium iron phosphate ka 2019 e ne e le lithane tse 97,500, tse nyolohetseng ho lithane tse 142,000 ka 2020, keketseho ea selemo le selemo ea 45.7%, mme sekhahla sa kholo se ne se le ngata. e phahameng hofeta lisebelisoa tse ling tsa cathode.

Ka ho khetheha, tlhahiso e tsepamisitsoe haholo lik’hamphaning tse peli tse etellang pele Jeremane, Fangna le Hunan Yuling; har’a bona, ka mecha e tsitsitseng ea bareki le melemo ea bokhoni ba tlhahiso, tlhahiso ea selemo le selemo e tsoela pele ho etella pele. Guoxuan High-Tech e nkoa e le pula-maliboho tšimong ea polokelo ea matla le libaesekele, e lateloa haholo ke tlhoko ea eona ea tšepe ea lithium.

(setšoantšo se tsoang ho “Foresight Economist”)

Nakong e fetileng, lithium iron phosphate e ne e tsepamisitsoe haholo lefapheng la matla, empa hamorao ka lebaka la litekanyetso tsa lithuso, tsoelo-pele e ile ea qala ho thekesela. Lithium iron phosphate e ratoa masimong a se nang matla joalo ka polokelo ea matla ka lebaka la melemo ea eona e baballang chelete e ngata.

Leha ho le joalo, lebala la ntoa la mantlha la libeteri tsa lithium iron phosphate ke lebala la libeteri tsa matla. Ka 2020, ‘maraka oa betri ea matla o tla ikarabella bakeng sa hoo e ka bang halofo ea tšebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa lithium iron phosphate,’ maraka oa polokelo ea matla o tla ikarabella ka tlase ho 30%, ‘me likarolo tsa tlhokomelo ea ka mor’a thekiso le libaesekele li tla ikarabella bakeng sa 7% le 4%. , ka ho latellana.

Haufinyane tjena, libeteri tsa lithium iron phosphate li se li qalile ho ntlafala hape, haholo-holo ka lebaka la katleho ‘marakeng oa betri ea matla. Mefuta e mengata e tsebahalang ka 2020 e na le libeteri tsa lithium iron phosphate, ho kenyeletsoa Tesla Model 3 e nang le libeteri tsa Ningde tsa lithium iron phosphate, BYD Han e nang le libeteri tsa lithium iron phosphate blade, le mefuta e mengata ea Wuling Hongguang MINI le eona e na le lithium iron phosphate. . Betri.

Likhatelo-pele tsa theknoloji, lithuso kapa bokamoso kaofela li ka lebelloa esale pele

Ke lumela hore batho ba bangata ba tloaelane le libeteri tsa lithium iron phosphate. Ka lebaka la bophelo ba nako e telele ea ts’ebeletso, ts’ireletso e phahameng, khanyetso e ntle ea mocheso o phahameng, bokhoni bo boholo, le ts’ireletso ea tikoloho, e hohetse tlhokomelo e atileng indastering. Qalong ea ‘maraka oa likoloi tse ncha tsa motlakase, likoloi tse ngata tsa motlakase li ne li sebelisa libeteri tsa lithium iron phosphate, tse kang Roewe E550 ea pele le BYD Qin.

Leha ho le joalo, joalo ka ha leano la lithuso le hokahanngoa le matla a matla a betri, tlhokahalo ea mefuta e mengata ea motlakase e ntse e eketseha, le nts’etsopele ea theknoloji ea ternary lithium betri, libeteri tsa ternary lithium tse nang le matla a phahameng a matla le maemo a matla a se a qalile ho ratoa ke mmaraka.

Ka nako e ts’oanang, mefokolo e meng ea libeteri tsa lithium iron phosphate le tsona li ekelitsoe.

Mohlala, letsoalo la ho sisinyeha le compaction density ea libeteri tsa lithium iron phosphate li tlase haholo, tse bakang matla a tlase a matla; mabapi le ho hanyetsa mocheso o tlaase, moeli o tlaase oa mocheso o tlaase oa tšebeliso ea mocheso oa libeteri tsa ternary lithium ke -30 ℃, ha moeli o tlaase oa mocheso o tlaase oa tšebeliso ea libeteri tsa lithium iron phosphate ke -At 20 ° C, matla a ho fokotsa matla a lithium iron phosphate. libeteri nakong ea mariha li hlakile haholoanyane. Hona hape ke senotlolo sa katleho ea BYD karolong e ka boroa ea Chaena, empa ho thata ho bula ‘maraka o ka leboea.

Hajoale, libeteri tsa lithium iron phosphate li se li fumane kamohelo ea ‘maraka, haholoholo ka lebaka la lintlha tse peli tse latelang:

E ‘ngoe ke katleho ea theknoloji. Ka mor’a ho qalisoa ha betri ea blade ea BYD, Guniu Technology e ile ea hlahisa sehlahisoa se secha sa betri ea lithium iron phosphate ka January 8, 2021. E itšetlehile ka “high-gram capacity silicon anode material and advanced pre-lithium technology”, matla a eona a matla ke 210Wh / kg.

Matsatsing a ‘maloa a tlang, NiO e tla hlahisa betri ea boemo bo tiileng ba 150kWh (hamorao e hlalositsoe mme ea lumela hore ha e le hantle ke betri e tiileng ea halofo) e nang le matla a matla a 360Wh / kg. Zhihai Electric e ile ea lokolla koloi ea eona ea pele e ncha ‘me ea phatlalatsa hore e sebelisa theknoloji ea morao-rao ea betri e entsoeng ka kopanelo le CATL. Matla a betri a le mong a ka fihla ho 300Wh/kg. Likhamphani ka bobeli li amohetse theknoloji ea “silicon anode material + pre-lithium”.

Ho tloha lethathamong la nako, nako e ka tlase ho khoeli e fetile ho tloha 2021. Mehleng ea theknoloji e phahameng, Ningde, Wei, Smart Cars le GAC ba ile ba bontša tšepo ka theknoloji ea lithium ea lisebelisoa tsa silicon anode, e leng se bontšang litlhohonolofatso tsa theknoloji e ncha ea “silicon carbon”. anode, pre lithium” phosphoric acid Libetri tsa tšepe tsa lithium li lebelletsoe ho buloa bakeng sa papatso le ts’ebeliso ea indasteri selemong sena.

Taba ea bobeli, leano la lithuso le ntse le putlama butle-butle, ‘me baetsi ba likoloi tse ncha ka potlako ba hloka ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa tlhahiso ea likoloi, kahoo ba lebisa tlhokomelo ea bona ho libeteri tsa lithium iron phosphate.

Ka Mmesa 2020, ho ile ha phatlalatsoa leano le lecha la thuso ea matla, le sa boleleng feela hore theko ea lithuso tsa matla a macha pele lithuso li tlameha ho ba ka har’a li-yuan tse 300,000, empa hape e hlalosa matla le lebelo la ho theoha butle-butle ha lithuso lilemong tse peli tse tlang. Ka letsatsi la ho qetela la 2020, Lekala la Lichelete, Lekala la Indasteri le Theknoloji ea Boitsebiso, Lekala la Saense le Theknoloji, le Komisi ea Naha ea Ntšetso-pele le Phetoho ka kopanelo ba ile ba fana ka tsebiso ea hore maemo a liphallelo bakeng sa likoloi tse ncha tsa matla ka 2021 e tla ba. e fokotsehile ka 20% ho tloha boemong ba 2020. Ka nako e ts’oanang, sistimi ea hajoale ea lithuso tsa phumants’o ea thepa le litlhokahalo tsa pele li tla lula li sa fetohe ka 2021.

Ha ho bapisoa le libeteri tsa ternary lithium iron phosphate, libeteri tsa lithium iron phosphate li na le melemo e meholo. Pejana, motho ea ikarabellang bakeng sa moetsi oa sistimi ea betri o boletse hore theko e tlase ea libeteri tsa lithium iron phosphate ntle le lekhetho e ka bang 0.4 yuan / Wh, theko ea sephutheloana se ka hare ke 0.6 yuan / Wh mme phapang ea theko lipakeng tsa lik’hamphani tse fapaneng ke 0.1 -0.15 yuan / Wh Le ho feta; theko ea ternary NCM523 sephutheloana e ka bang 0.75-0.9 yuan/Wh.

Leha e le ba phethahetseng, ka bobeli ba ka kopana le litlhoko tsa phapang

Ha ho letho le phethahetseng. Leha ho na le likhatelopele mabapi le matla a matla le melemo ea litšenyehelo, ha ho bapisoa le libeteri tsa ternary lithium, boleng ba betri ka mor’a ho tlohela mosebetsi bo tlase, e ntse e le mofokoli o moholo.

Chaena, haeba matla a setseng a betri ea matla a ntse a phahame ka mor’a ho tlohela mosebetsi, e tla sebelisoa butle-butle. Haeba betri e le tlase haholo, e tla qhaqhoa ebe e sebelisoa hape. Ha ho bapisoa le libeteri tsa lithium iron phosphate, litaba tsa nickel, cobalt le manganese ka har’a libeteri tsa ternary lithium li holimo, tse nang le boleng bo holimo ba ho sebelisoa hape ‘me li loketse likhoebo tsa ho sebelisa hape ho fumana phaello e phahameng. Ka hona, mofuta oa phaello ea khoebo bakeng sa ho sebelisa li-betri tsa ternary lithium tse senyehileng ha e le hantle o holile.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, ho nchafatsa libeteri tsa lithium iron phosphate ha ho na chelete e ngata hakaalo. Theko ea hajoale ea tatellano ea libeteri tsa ternary lithium ke 0.2-0.3 yuan/Wh, ‘me boleng bo setseng ba libeteri tsa ternary lithium tse lahliloeng ke 0.1 yuan/Wh, ha libeteri tsa lithium iron phosphate li batla li se na thuso.

Hona joale, leha ho na le melemo ea tlhaho ea libeteri tsa lithium iron phosphate mabapi le ho palama baesekele le polokeho, libeteri tsa ternary lithium li ntse li na le litšobotsi tsa tsona tse ikhethang. Ha ho le e ‘ngoe ea tsena tse peli e ke keng ea phela hammoho, empa libeteri tsa lithium iron phosphate li tla sebelisoa lits’ebetsong tse ngata. Mananeo a likoloing tsa khoebo tsa motlakase le likoloi tsa baeti tsa A-class le A0-class le ka tlase a na le maikutlo a mangata ho litheko. Karolo ena ea bareki e phehella boleng; ternary lithium libetri li tla sebelisoa haholo likoloing tsa bapalami tse phahameng tse shebaneng le ts’ebetso.