Iingenelo kunye nokungalunganga kwamafutha

Omnye umntu wabuza kwi-Intanethi: Xa kuthelekiswa neebhetri ze-lithium, zeziphi iingenelo kunye nokungonakali kweeseli zamafutha? Oku kulandelayo yimpendulo yabasebenzi bebhetri.

Ngokumalunga nenzuzo yokuthelekisa kunye nokungalunganga, isiseko kukusebenzisa injongo phantsi kwesiseko esifanayo.

Okokuqala thelekisa ukufana kunye nomahluko phakathi kweebhetri zamandla e-fuel kunye neebhetri ze-lithium, kwaye emva koko usebenzise izibonelelo ezahlukeneyo zokuthelekisa kunye nokungonakali.

Iindlela zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo: amandla ebhetri afaka igalelo amandla ekhemikhali kunye neziphumo zamandla ombane; ibhetri ye-lithium ifaka amandla ombane kunye neziphumo zamandla ombane. Ngoko ke, i-fuel cell idivaysi yokuguqula amandla, kwaye ibhetri ye-lithium sisixhobo sokugcina amandla.

Umgaqo wokukhutshwa uyafana: ukukhutshwa kwamandla ngebhetri yamandla e-fuel kunye nebhetri ye-lithium ayikho inkqubo yokushisa, kodwa i-isothermal, i-adiabatic electrochemical power source process, ngoko amandla aphezulu.

uncedo

1. Xa kukho umsantsa kuluntu emhlabeni, ukubaluleka kohlengahlengiso lwamandla exesha elizayo lwebhetri yamandla efuthe le-GT ilele: uninzi lweefosili zebhetri ze-lithium zinokumela isabelo samandla seminyaka eyi-1200, indlela yokuphucula umsebenzi oluncedo. ye-terminal ukusuka kusetyenziso lwamandla efosili, Indlela yokuthintela umsebenzi oluncedo ngendlela ethile kwaye uqinisekise ulwakhiwo oluguqukayo oluhambelanayo, isitshixo yi-injini yomphunga entsha yenguqu yoshishino yezixhobo zokuguqula amandla (abantu bafane bayichaze), kwaye ithande ukuba ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwizixhobo zokugcina amandla ombane.

2. Xa i-gap ibonakala kwiimoto, ngokukodwa emhlabeni, iimoto ze-fuel cell-powered cars zibonakala ngakumbi kuneemoto ze-lithium ezisebenza ngebhetri ukuba zifane neshishini leemoto zanamhlanje: amandla anokubuyiselwa ngaphantsi kwemizuzu engama-3, kwaye i-mileage idlule i-400. iikhilomitha. Ukusabela kweekhemikhali kunye neengxenye zokuphendula ze-oxidant kunye ne-agent yokunciphisa (eyaziwa ngokuba yi-fuel), iimoto zebhetri ezine-fuel-powered kuphela zifuna ukuthwala iindidi ezimbini: izithuthi ze-lithium zebhetri ziya kuthwala zonke iisampuli ezintathu kunye ne-oxidizer kunye ne-agent yokunciphisa ibhetri ye-lithium. . (I-100-micron-thick diaphragm) Ukuba ayisebenzi, kuya kubakho ukuzikhupha. Iibhetri zeLithium kufuneka zifezekise umjikelo opheleleyo kwaye zihlala zibonakala ziluthuthu. Ngokungafaniyo neemoto zesintu, ziya kuba neoli, zome, kunye ne-refuel rhoqo xa zijikeleza, ngoko xa uqhuba Xa usebenzisa ithiyori emibini yomgama. Kungenxa yoko le nto iimoto zanamhlanje ze-fuel cell zinoluhlu lokuhamba ngeekhilomitha ezingaphezu kweekhilomitha ezingama-600, ngelixa izithuthi ze-lithium-ion zihlala zingaphantsi kweekhilomitha ezili-100. Iibhetri zamandla e-diesel locomotive fuel ziyafana nerhasi yendalo, kwaye impendulo yahlulwa ngokwasemzimbeni. I-fuel yangempela yinkqubo yomzimba kunye nesantya esikhawulezayo, kodwa inoqoqosho, ngelixa ukubuyiswa kwamandla ebhetri ye-lithium yinkqubo yokutshaja, oko kukuthi, ukusabela kwe-electrolysis, ulawulo okanye ukuhlaselwa, siya kuba Kukho ukuqhubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe ekuphenduleni ukutshisa. Ukuphala kwesantya.

ukuswela

1. Xa i-gap sisixhobo sombane esiphathwayo, ngenxa yokuhlukana kwe-oxidizer, i-reductant kunye ne-echo izingxenye, ukuhlanganiswa kwenkqubo ye-fuel power cell inzima kakhulu kunokuba ibhetri ye-lithium edibeneyo ngokupheleleyo okanye ezinye iintlobo zeebhetri zesibini;

2. Xa i-gap i-backup engaphazamisekiyo yegridi, i-2NS Electronics idinga iseli yamandla e-fuel ukuhambisa i-oxidizer ehlukeneyo kunye ne-reductant kwibhetri, ephantse ibe yinto engenakwenzeka ukuyifumana;

Umgangatho woshishino: ukwenziwa kweemveliso zebhetri zamandla ezingenamafutha; iibhetri ze-lithium ezisetyenziswa kwizixhobo zombane eziphathwayo zingene kwishishini lokuvelisa ngobuninzi. Kodwa kwiimoto, ezi zimbini azenzi imveliso. Ubunzima obuqhelekileyo bobugcisa yindlela yokulungelelanisa impendulo ye-electrochemical kwimfuno enkulu eguquguqukayo yomthwalo ofanelekileyo wemoto.

Ngamafutshane, oku kuyabhida: Ngoku eli shishini sele likhona, iimoto ze-lithium-ion ziya kuthatha indawo yeenjini zokutsha zangaphakathi ngokulula kuneemoto zepetroli. Impazamo yomgaqo: Uphuhliso lwemveliso luqala kwiimfuno zabathengi. Izixhobo zokucheba ingca kunye neenjini zokutsha ezingazange zivakale zingaphuculwa ukuze zifezekiseke iinjini zokutsha zangaphakathi; iimoto zebhetri, iibhetri ze-lithium ziyi-wave yesine ukususela ngo-1900, kwaye kubonakala ngathi azikho kule minyaka ilishumi. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba uphumelele. Lo ngumsebenzi onzima.

Umboniso othembisayo kakhulu kukuba: isithuthi se-hybrid esakhiwe nge-injini ye-fuel cell kunye nebhetri ye-lithium inokuphinda kabini amandla; 2) zero ukukhutshwa kwezithuthi; 3) ukufika okulula kobomi kunye nenkunzi; 4) ukulahla ukusetyenziswa kwemoto kwimithombo yeoli ekrwada Ukuxhomekeka kuphela.