Mumakore achangopfuura, kukurumidza kukura kwemotokari itsva dzesimba zvishoma nezvishoma zvave zvitsva zvekutengesa mumusika. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, nyaya yekuti motokari dzemagetsi dzine hushamwari hwezvakatipoteredza inopokanawo.

Chinonyanya kunetsa ibhatiri rinoshandiswa mumotokari dzemagetsi. Nekuti ine zvinorema simbi, electrolytes uye zvimwe makemikari zvinhu, kana ikangobatwa zvisina kunaka, zvinokonzeresa kusvibiswa kukuru kune nharaunda.

Naizvozvo, vagadziri vazhinji uye vechitatu-bato masangano vari kushingaira kusimudzira kudzokororwa kwemabhatiri emagetsi. Munguva pfupi yadarika, Volkswagen Group, iyo kambani hombe yemotokari pasi rose, yakazivisa zviri pamutemo kutangwa kwechirongwa chekugadzirisa mabhatiri emagetsi.

Zvinoenderana nehurongwa hweVolkswagen Group, chirongwa chekutanga ndechekudzokorodza 3,600 mabhatiri masisitimu gore rega rega, ayo akaenzana ne1,500 matani. Mune ramangwana, nekuenderera mberi nekugonesa kwemaitiro ekudzoreredza manejimendi, fekitori ichawedzerwazve kuti ikwane kudiwa kukuru kwekudzokorodza bhatiri.

Kusiyana nemamwe mabhatiri ekudzokorodza mabhatiri, Volkswagen inodzokorodza mabhatiri ekare ayo asisagone kushandiswa. Iyo nzira yekudzokorodza haishandisi yakakwira-simba blast furnace kunyungudutsa, asi inoshandisa nzira dzakadai sekuyerera kwakadzika, disassembly, pulverization yezvikamu zvebhatiri kuita zvimedu, uye yakaoma kuongorora kugadzira zvinhu zvitsva zvecathode kubva kune zvakakosha zvemabhatiri ekare.

Zvichikanganiswa nemitemo nemirau, makambani makuru emotokari epasi rose ave kusimudzira kudzokororwa kwemabhatiri emagetsi. Pakati pavo, pane zvose Changan uye BYD mumhando dzayo; kune zvakare majoint venture brands akadai seBMW, Mercedes-Benz, uye GM.

BYD ihama yakakura yakanyatsokodzera mumunda wesimba idzva, uye ine yekutanga dhizaini musimba rekudzoreredza bhatiri. Muna Ndira 2018, BYD yakasvika mukubatana kwehunyanzvi neChina Tower Co., Ltd., kambani hombe yemumba inodzoreredza bhatiri.

Beck New Energy neNingde Times neGEM Co., Ltd., idzo dziri kuita simba rekudzokorodza bhatiri, dzine hurongwa hwekushandira pamwe pakugadzirisa bhatiri remagetsi; SEG, Geely neNingde Times vakaisa bhizinesi rekugadzirisa bhatiri remagetsi.

Pamusoro pemhando dzayo, majoint venture brands akaita seBMW, Mercedes-Benz, General Motors nemamwe makambani emotokari ekunze ari kusimukirawo kuti ashande pamwe nevechitatu masangano kuita basa rekugadzira mabhatiri emagetsi. BMW uye Bosch; Mercedes-Benz nekambani yekudzokorodza bhatiri kuti iite chirongwa cheLuneng, ichishandisa mabhatiri akarega kuvaka mahombe emagetsi emagetsi ephotovoltaic.

Nissan, imwe yemhando nhatu dzemhando huru dzeJapan, yakasarudza kuumba kambani yemubatanidzwa 4REnergy neSumitomo Corporation kuti itange fekitori inoshanda mukushandisa zvakare uye kugadzirisazve mota dzemagetsi. Mabhatiri akadzokororwa asingachashandiswi zvakare anogona kushandiswa semidziyo yekuchengetera simba kunzvimbo dzekutengesa.

Chokutanga pane zvose, tinofanira kunzwisisa kuti chii chinonzi recycling. Kudzokorodza kunoreva iyo yakawanda-level inonzwisisika yekushandisa simba remarara lithium mabhatiri emotokari nyowani dzemagetsi, kusanganisira kushandiswa kwecascade uye kuvandudza zviwanikwa.

Parizvino, mabhatiri emagetsi ari pamusika anonyanya kukamurwa kuita marudzi maviri: lithium iron phosphate uye manganese phosphate, uye iwo makuru mabhatiri ane simbi inorema senge lithium, cobalt, nickel, uye manganese. Pakati pavo, cobalt uye nickel ndezvake zvisingawanzo kuChina zvicherwa zve “Chinese Sturgeon” level uye yakakosha zvikuru.

Pane zvakare misiyano pakati penyika dzemumba nedzekunze munzira yekudzoreredza masimbi anorema kubva kumabhatiri akashandiswa. Iyo EU inonyanya kushandisa pyrolysis-wet kucheneswa, kupwanya-pyrolysis-distillation-pyrometallurgy uye mamwe maitiro kuburitsa simbi dzinobatsira, nepo mudzimba makambani ekudzokorodza kazhinji anoshandisa pyrolysis-mechanical dismantling, kupatsanurwa kwemuviri, uye hydrometallurgical process kurapa tsvina mabhatiri.

Chechipiri, tichifunga nezvehuwandu hwakaoma hwemabhatiri emagetsi, marudzi akasiyana emabhatiri ane mareti ekudzoreredza akasiyana. Mhando dzakasiyana dzemabhatiri dzinewo maitiro akasiyana ekudzokorodza. Semuenzaniso, kudzoreredza kwecobalt uye nickel nenzira yemoto zviri nani, nepo kudzoreredzwa kwesimbi kubva ku lithium iron phosphate bhatiri nenzira yekunyorova kuri nani.

Kune rimwe divi, kunyangwe mabhatiri akashandiswa anogona kudzokororwa, mabhenefiti ehupfumi haana kukwirira. Maererano nedheta, mari yekudzokorora ikozvino ye 1 toni ye lithium iron phosphate mabhatiri inenge 8,500 yuan, asi mushure mokunge simbi yemabhatiri akashandiswa yanatswa, kukosha kwemusika kunongova 9,000-10,000 yuan, uye purofiti yakaderera zvikuru.

Kana iri ternary lithium bhatiri, kunyangwe kudzokorodza kunenge kwakakwira, nekuti cobalt ine muchetura, uye kushanda zvisina kunaka kungangokonzeresa kusvibiswa kwechipiri kana kuputika, saka zvinodiwa zvemidziyo nevashandi zvakakura, uye mutengo wakanyanya. yakakura, asi ine mari. Kubatsirwa kuchiri kwakaderera.

Nekudaro, iyo chaiyo kurasikirwa kwesimba kwemabhatiri akashandiswa kashoma kukwira kupfuura 70%, saka mabhatiri aya anowanzo shandiswa munhevedzano, senge yakaderera-yekupedzisira mota dzemagetsi, maturusi emagetsi, mhepo yekuchengetedza magetsi emagetsi, nezvimwewo, kuona kushandiswa zvakare kweyakashandiswa. mabhatiri.

Kunyangwe bhatiri risingade kuti riparadzwe zvachose panguva yekushandiswa kwecascading, nekuda kwemasero ebhatiri asina kuenzana (akadai seTesla NCA), pachine matambudziko mazhinji mumashandisirwo anoshanda, senge nzira yekubatanidzazve akasiyana mamodule ebhatiri. Maitiro ekufanotaura nemazvo hupenyu hwebhatiri kuburikidza nezviratidzo zvakaita seSOC.

Imwe inyaya yekubatsirikana kwehupfumi. Mutengo wemabhatiri emagetsi unowanzo kukwira. Naizvozvo, kana ikashandiswa mukuchengetedza simba, kuvheneka uye mamwe minda mukushandiswa kwekupedzisira, ichava shoma isina kukodzera, uye dzimwe nguva kunyangwe isingakodzeri kurasikirwa, mutengo unogona kunge wakakwira.

pakupedzisa

Nezve nyaya yekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemotokari dzemagetsi, ndinofunga kuti yakakurumidza kutaura kuti motokari dzemagetsi hadzina kusvibiswa. Mushure mezvose, mota dzemagetsi hadzigone kunyatso kusvibiswa-isina. Hupenyu hwesherufu hwemabhatiri emagetsi ndiyo humbowo hwakanakisa.

Asi ndataura izvozvo, kubuda kwemotokari dzemagetsi kwave kuita basa rakanaka mukuderedza kukanganiswa kwekusvibiswa kwemotokari pane zvakatipoteredza, uye kukurudzirwa kwemararamiro ekugadzirisa bhatiri kwakawedzera kuzadzikiswa kwekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye mabhenefiti ekuchengetedza simba kumotokari dzemagetsi. .