Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uphuhliso olukhawulezayo lwezithuthi zamandla amatsha ngokuthe ngcembe lube yinto entsha yokuthengisa kwimarike. Kodwa kwangaxeshanye, umba wokuba ingaba iimoto zombane zinobume bendalo nazo ziphikisana.

Eyona mpikiswano kakhulu yibhetri esetyenziswa kwizithuthi zombane. Ngenxa yokuba inesinyithi esinzima, i-electrolytes kunye nezinye izinto zemichiza, xa ingaphathwanga kakuhle, iya kubangela ungcoliseko olukhulu kwindalo esingqongileyo.

Ke ngoko, abavelisi abaninzi kunye nemibutho yomntu wesithathu bakhuthaza ngokusebenzayo ukusetyenzwa kwakhona kweebhetri zamandla. Kutshanje, iVolkswagen Group, eyona nkampani inkulu yeemoto kwihlabathi, ibhengeze ngokusesikweni inkqubo yokuhlaziya ibhetri yamandla.

Ngokwesicwangciso seQela leVolkswagen, isicwangciso sokuqala kukubuyisela kwakhona iisistim zebhetri ezingama-3,600 ngonyaka, elilingana neetoni ze-1,500. Kwixesha elizayo, ngokwenziwa ngcono okuqhubekayo kwenkqubo yolawulo lokurisayikilisha, umzi-mveliso uya kwandiswa ngakumbi ukuze umelane nemfuno enkulu yokurisayikilishwa kwebhetri.

Ngokungafaniyo nezinye izibonelelo zokurisayikilisha iibhetri, iVolkswagen iphinda isebenzise iibhetri ezindala ezingasenakusetyenziswa. Inkqubo yokuphinda isetyenziswe ayisebenzisi ukunyibilikiswa kwesithando somlilo esine-energy ephezulu, kodwa isebenzisa iindlela ezinjengokukhutshwa okunzulu, ukuchithwa, ukuchithwa kwezinto zebhetri zibe ngamasuntswana, kunye nokuhlola okomileyo ukwenza izinto ezintsha ze-cathode ezivela kwizinto eziphambili zeebhetri ezindala.

Zichatshazelwa yimigaqo-nkqubo kunye nemimiselo, iinkampani ezinkulu zeemoto zehlabathi ngoku zikhuthaza ukurisayikilishwa kweebhetri zombane. Phakathi kwabo, kukho zombini i-Changan kunye ne-BYD kwiimpawu zayo; kukwakho iibhrendi zendibaniselwano ezifana neBMW, Mercedes-Benz, kunye neGM.

I-BYD ngumzalwana omkhulu ofaneleke kakuhle kwintsimi yamandla amatsha, kwaye inokwakheka kwangaphambili ekusetyenzisweni kwakhona kwebhetri. NgoJanuwari 2018, i-BYD ifikelele kwintsebenziswano yobuchule kunye ne-China Tower Co., Ltd., inkampani enkulu yasekhaya yokuhlaziya ibhetri.

I-Beck New Energy kunye ne-Ningde Times kunye ne-GEM Co., Ltd., ezibandakanyeka kwi-recycling yebhetri yamandla, zinentsebenziswano yobuchule kwi-recycling yebhetri yamandla; I-SEG, i-Geely kunye ne-Ningde Times ziye zasasaza ishishini lokuphinda lisetyenziswe ibhetri.

Ukongeza kwiimpawu zayo, iinkampani ezidityanisiweyo ezifana neBMW, iMercedes-Benz, iGeneral Motors kunye nezinye iinkampani zemoto zangaphandle nazo ziyanyuka ukuze zisebenzisane nee-arhente zeqela lesithathu ukuzibandakanya kuhlaziyo lwebhetri yamandla. iBMW kunye neBosch; I-Mercedes-Benz kunye nenkampani yokuhlaziya ibhetri ukuphumeza iprojekthi yaseLuneng, isebenzisa iibhetri ezidla umhlala-phantsi ukwakha iinkqubo ezinkulu zokugcina amandla e-photovoltaic.

I-Nissan, enye yeebrendi ezintathu eziphambili zaseJapan, yakhetha ukuseka inkampani edityanisiweyo i-4REnergy kunye ne-Sumitomo Corporation ukuseka umzi-mveliso okhethekileyo ekusebenziseni kwakhona kunye nokulungiswa kwakhona kwezithuthi zombane. Iibhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo ezingasenakuphinda zisetyenziswe zinokusetyenziswa njengezixhobo zokugcina amandla kwiindawo zokuhlala zorhwebo.

Okokuqala, kufuneka siqonde ukuba yintoni na ukurisayikilishwa. Ukurisayikilishwa kwakhona kubhekiselele kumanqanaba amaninzi okusetyenziswa okunengqiqo kwenkunkuma yamandla ebhetri ye-lithium kwizithuthi zamandla amatsha, kubandakanywa ukusetyenziswa kwe-cascade kunye nokuvuselelwa kobutyebi.

Okwangoku, iibhetri zamandla kwimarike zahlulwe kakhulu zibe ziindidi ezimbini: i-lithium iron phosphate kunye ne-manganese phosphate, kwaye amacandelo abo aphambili aqulethe isinyithi esinzima njenge-lithium, i-cobalt, i-nickel kunye ne-manganese. Phakathi kwazo, i-cobalt kunye ne-nickel zezezimbiwa ezinqabileyo zaseTshayina kwinqanaba le “Sturgeon yaseTshayina” kwaye zixabiseke kakhulu.

Kukwakho iyantlukwano phakathi kwamazwe asekhaya kunye namazwe angaphandle kwindlela yokurisayikilisha iintsimbi ezinzima ezivela kwiibhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo. I-EU ikakhulu isebenzisa i-pyrolysis-wet purification, i-pyrolysis-distillation-pyrometallurgy kunye nezinye iinkqubo zokukhupha isinyithi esiluncedo, ngelixa iinkampani zasekhaya zokuhlaziya zihlala zisebenzisa i-pyrolysis-mechanical dismantling, ukwahlukana ngokomzimba, kunye neenkqubo ze-hydrometallurgical ukunyanga iibhetri zenkunkuma.

Okwesibini, ngokuqwalasela imilinganiselo enzima yeebhetri zamandla, iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri zinemilinganiselo eyahlukeneyo yokubuyisela. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeebhetri nazo zineenkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokurisayikilishwa. Ngokomzekelo, ukubuyiswa kwe-cobalt kunye ne-nickel ngendlela yomlilo kungcono, ngelixa ukubuyiswa kwesinyithi kwi-lithium iron phosphate ibhetri ngendlela emanzi kungcono.

Kwelinye icala, nangona iibhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo zinokuphinda zisetyenziswe, iinzuzo zoqoqosho azikho phezulu. Ngokutsho kwedatha, ixabiso langoku lokuphinda lisetyenziswe kwi-1 ton ye-lithium iron phosphate iibhetri malunga ne-8,500 yuan, kodwa emva kokuba isinyithi seebhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo sicocwe, ixabiso lemarike liyi-9,000-10,000 kuphela ye-yuan, kwaye inzuzo iphantsi kakhulu.

Ngokuphathelele ibhetri ye-lithium ye-ternary, nangona ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kuya kuba phezulu, kuba i-cobalt inetyhefu, kwaye ukusebenza ngokungafanelekanga kunokubangela ungcoliseko lwesibini okanye ukuqhuma, ngoko ke iimfuno zezixhobo kunye nabasebenzi ziphezulu kakhulu, kwaye iindleko zilinganiselwe. inkulu, kodwa inoqoqosho. Inzuzo isephantsi noko.

Nangona kunjalo, eyona lahleko yomthamo weebhetri ezisetyenzisiweyo ayifane ibe phezulu kune 70%, ke ezi bhetri zihlala zisetyenziswa kuthotho, njengezithuthi zombane ezikwisiphelo esisezantsi, izixhobo zombane, izixhobo zokugcina amandla omoya, njl.njl., ukuqonda ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo. iibhetri.

Nangona ibhetri ayifuni ukuchithwa ngokupheleleyo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwe-cascading, ngenxa yeeseli zebhetri ezingalinganiyo (ezifana neTesla NCA), kusekho iingxaki ezininzi kwizicelo eziphathekayo, ezifana nendlela yokudibanisa iimodyuli ezahlukeneyo zebhetri. Uqikelela njani ngokuchanekileyo ubomi bebhetri ngokusebenzisa izikhombisi ezinjenge-SOC.

Omnye ngumba weenzuzo zoqoqosho. Iindleko zeebhetri zamandla ziphezulu kakhulu. Ngoko ke, ukuba isetyenziswe ekugcinweni kwamandla, ukukhanya kunye nezinye iindawo ekusetyenzisweni kamva, kuya kuba yinto encinci engafanelekanga, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nokuba ayifanelekanga ilahleko, iindleko zingaba phezulu.

ukuququmbela

Ngokumalunga nomba wokukhuselwa kwendalo kwizithuthi zombane, ndicinga ukuba kusesekuseni kakhulu ukuthetha ukuba izithuthi zombane azingcolisekanga. Ngapha koko, iimoto zombane azinakulungcoliseka ngokwenene. Ubomi beshelufu yeebhetri zamandla bobona bungqina.

Kodwa emva kokuthetha oko, ukuvela kwezithuthi zombane ngokwenene kuye kwadlala indima efanelekileyo ekunciphiseni impembelelo yokukhutshwa kongcoliseko lwezithuthi kwindalo esingqongileyo, kwaye ukukhuthazwa kokuphinda kusetyenziswe ibhetri yenkunkuma kuye kwakhawulezisa ukufezekiswa kokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kunye nezibonelelo zokonga umbane kwizithuthi zombane. .