Lilemong tsa morao tjena, tsoelo-pele e potlakileng ea likoloi tse ncha tsa matla e fetohile matla a macha a thekiso ‘marakeng. Empa ka nako e ts’oanang, taba ea hore na likoloi tsa motlakase li na le botsoalle ba tikoloho le tsona li phehisana khang.

Ntho e tsosang khang ka ho fetisisa ke betri e sebelisoang likoloing tsa motlakase. Hobane e na le lirafshoa tse boima, li-electrolyte le lintho tse ling tsa lik’hemik’hale, hang ha li sa sebetsoe hantle, li tla baka tšilafalo e kholo tikolohong.

Ka hona, bahlahisi ba bangata le mekhatlo ea mekhatlo ea boraro ba khothalletsa ka mafolofolo ho tsosolosoa ha libeteri tsa matla. Haufinyane tjena, Volkswagen Group, e leng k’hamphani e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea likoloi lefatšeng, e phatlalalitse ka molao ho thakholoa ha lenaneo la ho sebelisa betri ea motlakase.

Ho ea ka morero oa Sehlopha sa Volkswagen, morero oa pele ke ho tsosolosa lisebelisoa tsa betri tse 3,600 selemo le selemo, tse lekanang le lithane tse 1,500. Nakong e tlang, ka ts’ebetso e tsoelang pele ea ts’ebetso ea tsamaiso ea ho sebelisoa hape, feme e tla atolosoa ho sebetsana le tlhokahalo e kholo ea ho tsosolosa betri.

Ho fapana le lits’ebeletso tse ling tsa ho nchafatsa betri, Volkswagen e sebelisa libeteri tsa khale tse ke keng tsa hlola li sebelisoa. Ts’ebetso ea ts’ebetso ha e sebelise ho qhibilihisa sebōpi se nang le matla a phahameng, empa e sebelisa mekhoa e kang ho ntša metsi a tebileng, ho qhaqhoa, ho phunya likarolo tsa betri ka likaroloana, le ho hlahloba ka mokhoa o omileng ho etsa lisebelisoa tse ncha tsa cathode ho tloha likarolong tsa mantlha tsa libeteri tsa khale.

Ka lebaka la ho angoa ke maano le melaoana, lik’hamphani tse kholo tsa likoloi lefatšeng joale li khothaletse ka matla ho sebelisoa ha libeteri tsa motlakase. Har’a bona, ho na le Changan le BYD ka mefuta ea eona; ho boetse ho na le lihlahisoa tse kopanetsoeng tse kang BMW, Mercedes-Benz, le GM.

BYD ke abuti e moholo ea lokeloang hantle lefapheng la matla a macha, ‘me e na le moralo oa pele oa ho sebelisa betri ea matla. Ka Pherekhong 2018, BYD e ile ea fihlela tšebelisano-mmoho le China Tower Co., Ltd., k’hamphani e kholo ea lehae e sebelisang matla a betri.

Beck New Energy le Ningde Times le GEM Co., Ltd., tse sebetsanang le ts’ebetso ea betri ea matla, li na le tšebelisano-‘moho mabapi le ts’ebetso ea betri ea matla; SEG, Geely le Ningde Times li kentse khoebo ea ho sebelisa betri ea matla.

Ntle le mefuta ea eona, likhoebo tse kopaneng tse kang BMW, Mercedes-Benz, General Motors le lik’hamphani tse ling tsa likoloi tsa kantle le tsona li ntse li tsoela pele ho sebelisana le mekhatlo ea batho ba boraro ho kenya letsoho ts’ebetsong ea betri ea motlakase. BMW le Bosch; Mercedes-Benz le k’hamphani e nchafatsang libeteri ho kenya tšebetsong morero oa Luneng, ka ho sebelisa libeteri tse seng li tlohetse mosebetsi ho aha lits’ebetso tse kholo tsa polokelo ea matla a photovoltaic.

Nissan, e leng e ‘ngoe ea lihlahisoa tse tharo tse kholo tsa Japane, e ile ea khetha ho theha k’hamphani e kopanetsoeng ea 4REnergy le Sumitomo Corporation ho theha feme e sebetsanang le ho sebelisoa hape le ho lokisa likoloi tsa motlakase. Libetri tse nchafalitsoeng tse ke keng tsa hlola li sebelisoa hape li ka sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tsa polokelo ea matla bakeng sa bolulo ba khoebo.

Pele ho tsohle, re hloka ho utloisisa hore na ho recycle ke eng. Recycling e hlile e bua ka ts’ebeliso ea maemo a mangata ea matla a litšila a betri ea lithium bakeng sa likoloi tse ncha tsa matla, ho kenyeletsoa tšebeliso ea cascade le nchafatso ea lisebelisoa.

Hajoale, libeteri tsa matla ‘marakeng li arotsoe haholo ka mefuta e’ meli: lithium iron phosphate le manganese phosphate, mme likarolo tsa tsona tsa mantlha li na le tšepe e boima joalo ka lithium, cobalt, nickel le manganese. Har’a tsona, cobalt le nickel ke tsa mehloli e sa tloaelehang ea liminerale tsa China tsa “Chinese Sturgeon” mme li bohlokoa haholo.

Ho boetse ho na le liphapang lipakeng tsa linaha tsa lehae le tsa kantle ho naha mabapi le mokhoa oa ho tsosolosa litšepe tse boima tse tsoang libetering tse sebelisitsoeng. EU haholo-holo e sebelisa pyrolysis-wet purification, crushing-pyrolysis-distillation-pyrometallurgy le mekhoa e meng ho ntša litšepe tse molemo, ha lik’hamphani tsa malapeng tse tsosolosang hangata li sebelisa pyrolysis-mechanical dismantling, karohano ea ‘mele le mekhoa ea hydrometallurgical ho phekola litšila.

Taba ea bobeli, ha ho nahanoa ka likarolo tse rarahaneng tsa libeteri tsa matla, mefuta e fapaneng ea libeteri e na le litefiso tse fapaneng tsa ho hlaphoheloa. Mefuta e fapaneng ea libeteri e boetse e na le mekhoa e fapaneng ea ho e sebelisa hape. Ka mohlala, ho hlaphoheloa ha cobalt le nickel ka mokhoa oa mollo ho molemo, ha ho tsosolosoa ha tšepe ho tloha ka betri ea lithium iron phosphate ka mokhoa oa metsi ho molemo.

Ka lehlakoreng le leng, le hoja libeteri tse sebelisitsoeng li ka sebelisoa hape, melemo ea moruo ha e holimo. Ho ea ka boitsebiso, litšenyehelo tsa hona joale tsa ho tsosolosa lithane tse 1 tsa libeteri tsa lithium iron phosphate li ka bang 8,500 yuan, empa ka mor’a hore tšepe ea libeteri tse sebelisitsoeng e hloekisoe, boleng ba ‘maraka ke li-yuan tse 9,000-10,000 feela,’ me phaello e tlaase haholo.

Ha e le ternary lithium battery, le hoja ts’ebetso ea ho tsosolosa e tla ba e phahameng haholo, hobane cobalt e chefo, ‘me ts’ebetso e sa lokelang e ka baka tšilafalo ea bobeli kapa ho phatloha, kahoo litlhoko tsa lisebelisoa le basebetsi li batla li le holimo,’ me litšenyehelo li batla li lekana. e kholo, empa e na le chelete. Molemo o ntse o le tlase haholo.

Leha ho le joalo, tahlehelo ea matla ea libeteri tse sebelisitsoeng hangata ha e phahame ho feta 70%, kahoo libeteri tsena li sebelisoa hangata ka lihlopha, joalo ka likoloi tsa motlakase tse tlaase, lisebelisoa tsa motlakase, lisebelisoa tsa polokelo ea matla a moea, joalo-joalo, ho lemoha tšebeliso e sebelisoang hape. dibetri.

Le hoja betri e sa hloke ho qhaqhoa ka ho feletseng nakong ea tšebeliso ea cascading, ka lebaka la lisele tse sa lekaneng tsa betri (tse kang Tesla NCA), ho ntse ho e-na le mathata a mangata lits’ebetsong tse sebetsang, tse kang mokhoa oa ho kopanya li-module tse fapaneng tsa betri. Mokhoa oa ho bolela esale pele bophelo ba betri ka nepo ka matšoao a kang SOC.

E ‘ngoe ke taba ea economic benefits . Litsenyehelo tsa libeteri tsa motlakase ka kakaretso li batla li phahame. Ka hona, haeba e sebelisoa polokelong ea matla, mabone le masimo a mang ha a sebelisoa hamorao, e tla be e sa tšoanelehe hanyenyane, ‘me ka linako tse ling esita le haeba e sa tšoanelehe ho lahleheloa, litšenyehelo li ka ba tse phahameng.

ha re phethela

Mabapi le taba ea tšireletso ea tikoloho ea likoloi tsa motlakase, ke nahana hore e sa le pele haholo ho bolela hore likoloi tsa motlakase ha li na tšilafalo. Etsoe, likoloi tsa motlakase li ke ke tsa e-ba ntle le tšilafalo. Bophelo ba shelofo ea libeteri tsa matla ke bopaki bo molemo ka ho fetisisa.

Empa ha ke boletse joalo, ho hlaha ha likoloi tsa motlakase ehlile ho bile le karolo e ntle ho fokotsa phello ea mesi ea tšilafalo ea likoloi tikolohong, ‘me khothaletso ea litšila tsa betri e potlakisitse ho phethahala ha ts’ireletso ea tikoloho le melemo ea ho boloka matla bakeng sa likoloi tsa motlakase. .