Eminyakeni yamuva, ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwezimoto ezintsha zamandla kancane kancane sekuphenduke amandla amasha okuthengisa emakethe. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, indaba yokuthi izimoto zikagesi aziyigcini yini imvelo nayo iyimpikiswano.

Okuyindida kakhulu ibhethri elisetshenziswa ezimotweni zikagesi. Ngenxa yokuthi iqukethe izinsimbi ezisindayo, ama-electrolyte nezinye izinto zamakhemikhali, uma ingaphathwa ngendlela efanele, izodala ukungcoliswa okukhulu kwemvelo.

Ngakho-ke, abakhiqizi abaningi nezinhlangano zezinkampani zangaphandle bagqugquzela ngenkuthalo ukugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri amandla. Muva nje, iVolkswagen Group, okuyinkampani enkulu yezimoto emhlabeni, imemezele ngokusemthethweni ukwethula uhlelo lokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri anamandla.

Ngokohlelo lweQembu lakwaVolkswagen, uhlelo lokuqala ukugaywa kabusha kwamasistimu amabhethri ayi-3,600 unyaka ngamunye, okulingana namathani ayi-1,500. Ngokuzayo, ngokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kwenqubo yokuphatha ukugaywa kabusha, ifekthri izophinde inwetshwe ukuze ibhekane nesidingo esikhulu sokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri.

Ngokungafani nezinye izindawo zokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri, iVolkswagen igaya kabusha amabhethri amadala angeke esasetshenziswa. Inqubo yokugaywa kabusha ayisebenzisi ukuncibilikisa kwesithando somlilo esivuthayo esinamandla amakhulu, kodwa isebenzisa izindlela ezinjengokukhipha okujulile, ukuhlakazeka, ukugoqa izingxenye zebhethri zibe yizinhlayiya, kanye nokuhlola okomile ukuze kwenziwe izinto ezintsha ze-cathode kusukela ezingxenyeni eziyinhloko zamabhethri amadala.

Zithintwa izinqubomgomo nemithethonqubo, izinkampani zezimoto ezinkulu emhlabeni manje sezigqugquzela ukugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri kagesi. Phakathi kwabo, kukhona kokubili i-Changan ne-BYD ngemikhiqizo yayo; kukhona nemikhiqizo ehlanganyelwe efana neBMW, Mercedes-Benz, kanye neGM.

I-BYD ingumfowethu omkhulu ofaneleka kahle emkhakheni wamandla amasha, futhi inesakhiwo sangaphambi kwesikhathi sokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri lamandla. NgoJanuwari 2018, i-BYD yafinyelela ekubambisaneni kwamasu ne-China Tower Co., Ltd., inkampani enkulu yasekhaya egaya kabusha amabhethri anamandla.

I-Beck New Energy kanye ne-Ningde Times kanye ne-GEM Co., Ltd., ezibambe iqhaza ekugayweni kabusha kwebhethri lamandla, zinokubambisana kwamasu ekugayweni kabusha kwebhethri lamandla; I-SEG, i-Geely ne-Ningde Times ikhiphe ibhizinisi lokugaywa kabusha kwebhethri lamandla.

Ngaphezu kwemikhiqizo yayo, izinkampani ezihlanganyelwe ezifana neBMW, Mercedes-Benz, General Motors nezinye izinkampani zezimoto zakwamanye amazwe nazo ziyakhuphuka ukuze zisebenzisane nezinkampani zangaphandle ukuze zihlanganyele ekugayweni kabusha kwamabhethri kagesi. BMW kanye Bosch; I-Mercedes-Benz kanye nenkampani egaya kabusha amabhethri ukuze iqalise iphrojekthi yaseLuneng, isebenzisa amabhethri aseyeke ukusebenza ukuze kwakhiwe izinhlelo ezinkulu zokugcina amandla e-photovoltaic.

I-Nissan, enye yezinkampani ezintathu ezinkulu zase-Japan, yakhetha ukwakha inkampani ehlangene i-4REnergy ne-Sumitomo Corporation ukuze kusungulwe ifekthri egxile ekusetshenzisweni kabusha kanye nokucutshungulwa kabusha kwezimoto zikagesi. Amabhethri agaywe kabusha angeke esaphinda asetshenziswe angasetshenziswa njengempahla yokugcina amandla ezindaweni zokuhlala zentengiso.

Okokuqala, sidinga ukuqonda ukuthi kuyini ukugaywa kabusha. Ukugaywa kabusha empeleni kubhekisela ekusetshenzisweni okunengqondo kwamazinga amaningi kwamandla emfucumfucu amabhethri e-lithium ezimotweni zamandla amasha, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-cascade nokuvuselela izinsiza.

Njengamanje, amabhethri wamandla emakethe ahlukaniswe ikakhulukazi izinhlobo ezimbili: i-lithium iron phosphate ne-manganese phosphate, futhi izingxenye zabo eziyinhloko ziqukethe izinsimbi ezisindayo ezifana ne-lithium, i-cobalt, i-nickel ne-manganese. Phakathi kwazo, i-cobalt ne-nickel kungokwemithombo yamaminerali engavamile yaseShayina yezinga le- “Chinese Sturgeon” futhi iyigugu kakhulu.

Kukhona futhi umehluko phakathi kwamazwe asekhaya kanye namazwe angaphandle endleleni yokuvuselela izinsimbi ezisindayo ezivela kumabhethri asetshenzisiwe. I-EU ikakhulukazi isebenzisa i-pyrolysis-wet purification, crushing-pyrolysis-distillation-pyrometallurgy nezinye izinqubo ukuze kukhishwe izinsimbi eziwusizo, kuyilapho izinkampani zasekhaya ezigaya kabusha ngokuvamile zisebenzisa i-pyrolysis-mechanical dismantling, ukuhlukanisa ngokomzimba, kanye nezinqubo ze-hydrometallurgical ukwelapha amabhethri angcolile.

Okwesibili, uma kucatshangelwa izilinganiso eziyinkimbinkimbi zamabhethri wamandla, izinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhethri zinamazinga ahlukene okutakula. Izinhlobo ezahlukene zamabhethri nazo zinezinqubo ezihlukene zokugaywa kabusha. Isibonelo, ukubuyiswa kwe-cobalt ne-nickel ngendlela yomlilo kungcono, kuyilapho ukubuyiswa kwensimbi kubhethri ye-lithium iron phosphate ngendlela emanzi kungcono.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi, nakuba amabhethri asetshenzisiwe angaphinde asetshenziswe, izinzuzo zezomnotho aziphezulu. Ngokusho kwedatha, izindleko zamanje zokuvuselela i-1 ton yebhethri ye-lithium iron phosphate cishe i-8,500 yuan, kodwa ngemva kokuba insimbi yamabhethri asetshenzisiwe icwengisisiwe, inani lemakethe liyi-9,000-10,000 yuan kuphela, futhi inzuzo iphansi kakhulu.

Ngokuqondene nebhethri ye-lithium ye-ternary, nakuba ukusebenza kahle kokubuyisela kabusha kuzoba phezulu, ngoba i-cobalt inobuthi, futhi ukusebenza okungalungile kungase kubangele ukungcoliswa kwesibili noma ukuqhuma ngisho nokuqhuma, ngakho-ke izidingo zemishini kanye nabasebenzi ziphakeme kakhulu, futhi izindleko ziqhathaniswa. inkulu, kodwa iyonga. Inzuzo isencane uma kuqhathaniswa.

Nokho, ukulahlekelwa amandla kwangempela wamabhethri asetshenzisiwe akuvamile ukuba ngaphezu kuka-70%, ngakho lawa mabhethri avame ukusetshenziswa ochungechungeni, njengezimoto zikagesi ezisezingeni eliphansi, amathuluzi kagesi, izinto zokugcina amandla omoya, njll., ukuze kuqashwe ukusetshenziswa kabusha okusetshenzisiwe. amabhethri.

Nakuba ibhethri lingadingi ukuhlakazwa ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa kwe-cascading, ngenxa yamaseli ebhethri angalingani (njenge-Tesla NCA), kusenezinkinga eziningi ezinhlelweni ezisebenzayo, njengokuthi ungahlanganisa kanjani kabusha amamojula ebhethri ahlukene. Ungabikezela kanjani ngokunembile impilo yebhethri usebenzisa izinkomba ezifana ne-SOC.

Okunye wudaba lokuhlomula kwezomnotho. Izindleko zamabhethri amandla ngokuvamile ziphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa. Ngakho-ke, uma isetshenziselwa ukugcinwa kwamandla, ukukhanyisa nezinye izinkambu ekusetshenzisweni kamuva, izoba yinto encane engafanelekile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho noma ingakufanelekeli ukulahlekelwa, izindleko zingase zibe phezulu.

Ekuphetheni

Mayelana nodaba lokuvikelwa kwemvelo ezimotweni ezisebenza ngogesi, ngicabanga ukuthi kusesekuseni kakhulu ukusho ukuthi izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi azingcoli. Phela, izimoto zikagesi azikwazi ukungcoliswa ngempela. Isikhathi seshelufu samabhethri wamandla siwubufakazi obungcono kakhulu.

Kodwa sengikushilo lokho, ukuvela kwezimoto zikagesi ngempela kube neqhaza elihle ekwehliseni umthelela wokungcola kwezimoto endaweni ezungezile, futhi ukugqugquzelwa kokugaywa kabusha kwamabhethri angcolile kuye kwasheshisa ukugcwaliseka kokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nezinzuzo zokonga amandla ezimotweni zikagesi. .