Ekuqaleni kokwethulwa kwamamodeli amasha wamandla, abanye abathengi bazwakalise ukukhathazeka kwabo. Uma ibhethri liphukile, kufanele ngisebenzise uhhafu wemali ukulishintsha, elingaphezu kwenani eliphelele lazo zonke izimoto zami. Ingabe kunjalo ngempela? Namuhla ngizokunikeza ukuhlaziywa ngokombono wezobuchwepheshe.

Njengamanje kunezigaba ezimbili ezinkulu zemikhiqizo emakethe: i-lithium iron phosphate kanye ne-ternary lithium. Phakathi kwazo, izinzuzo ze-iron phosphate ezimelelwe yi-BYD ziwukuphila okude nokuphepha okungcono; izinzuzo zokusetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zikagesi ezihlanzekile zingcono ukusebenza kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye namandla aphezulu ngevolumu yeyunithi.

Ngokwemithetho kazwelonke, lapho amandla emoto kagesi encishiswa abe ngu-80% wesimo sebhethri elisha, akufanelekile ukusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo emotweni kagesi; cishe ku-70%, iphakethe lebhethri kufanele likhishwe. Ngokobuchwepheshe bamanje bebhethri, amandla amabhethri e-lithium e-ternary abola aze afike ku-80% ngemva kwemijikelezo yokushaja engu-500-1000, kuyilapho amandla amabhethri e-lithium iron phosphate ewohloka aze afike ku-80% ngemva kwemijikelezo yokushaja ka-2000.

Thatha i-Tesla model3 njengesibonelo. Inetimu zakamuva. Inguqulo yangemuva yedrayivu omude eshibhe kunazo zonke yoMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi inebanga elingamakhilomitha angu-600. Njengoba ibalwa ku-80%, ingahamba amakhilomitha angu-480 ngenkokhelo eyodwa. Ngokwenani elincane lokushajwa kabusha kwebhethri le-ternary lithium izikhathi ezingama-500, iphakethe lebhethri lingagijima amakhilomitha angama-240,000 ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ingasaphathwa eyokushajwa kabusha okungu-1000.

Iyiphi imoto evela kwamanye amazwe ebiza kakhulu? Ake sibeke eceleni imodeli engenisiwe, i-BYD Yuan EV360 ethandwa kakhulu ngoJanuwari njengesibonelo, uMnyango Wezimboni Nobuchwepheshe Bolwazi unebanga elibanzi lamakhilomitha angama-305, ukubala okungu-80%, ukushaja kuzohamba okungenani amakhilomitha angama-244, ngokusho kwe 500 Ubuncane besikhathi sokushaja samabhethri e-lithium amathathu ngonyaka sibalwa ngokusekelwe ekushajweni okuphezulu okungu-1,000. Idinga ukuhamba amakhilomitha angu-244,000 ukuze ifinyelele impilo yebhethri.

Ukuthatha noma iyiphi i-compact imoto evamile kanye SUV onobuhle ngentengo mayelana 150,000, ezimbonini kanye nxazonke eziyisisekelo ifinyelele amakhilomitha angaphezu kuka-400, okuyinto 80%, futhi izindleko kungabalwa okungenani 320 amakhilomitha. Isikhathi sokushaja se-ternary lithium battery siphansi kakhulu. Ibanga elincane lezikhathi ezingama-500 lingahamba amakhilomitha ayi-160,000. Ngokuqondene nalezo zimoto ezihlanzekile zikagesi ezifakwe amaphakethe ebhethri e-lithium iron phosphate, ungakhathazeki kakhulu. Noma ngabe ibanga elingamakhilomitha angama-200 kuphela, ukushajwa kabusha okungu-2,000 kwanele ukukushayelela amakhilomitha angama-400,000.

Ngokuvamile, uma uphuma emsebenzini amakhilomitha ambalwa kuphela ngosuku, ukuthenga imoto entsha enebanga elingamakhilomitha angu-300 kungakuvumela ukuba uyisebenzise iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-10 ngaphandle kwenkinga. Yiqiniso, uma imayela lide, kungcono, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu, imikhuba yokushayela enempilo. Lapha, umhleli ukunika iziphakamiso.

Ukushaja okungashoni nokukhipha okungajulile Naka izinga lokushisa lebhethri

Ngokwezincomo zomenzi, iwindi lokusebenzisa i-SOC yephakethe lebhethri lingu-10% -90%. Kalula nje, kuwukugwema ukushaja ibhethri ngaphambi kokuba life. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunconywa ukushaja ku-80-90% isikhathi ngasinye ukuvimbela ukushajwa kwebhethri.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kungenzeka, zama ukusebenzisa ukushaja okunensa kwasekhaya ukuze unciphise inani lokushaja okusheshayo. Phela, ukushaja okuvama kwesivinini esikhulu kanye nokukhipha izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kuzothinta kakhulu impilo yebhethri. Isibonelo, endabeni yokushayela ibanga elide kwemoto kagesi, izinga lokushisa langaphakathi liphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa ngoba ibhethri isesimweni sokuphuma ngesivinini esiphezulu futhi i-DC ishaja ngokushesha isikhathi eside. Uma lungekho uhlelo oluhle lokulawula izinga lokushisa, kungenzeka kubangele ukuthi ibhethri lishise kakhulu futhi kubangele ukusha okuzenzakalelayo. Ngakho-ke, izimoto zanamuhla ezihlanzekile zikagesi ngokuvamile zifakwe uhlelo oluhlakaniphile lokulawula izinga lokushisa, okubaluleke kakhulu kuwe ukuthi uthenge imoto. Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe be-hydrometallurgical buyisicelo esibalulekile sokubuyiswa kwensimbi kumabhethri e-lithium angcolile ezweni lami. Izinto ezisebenzayo ezisebenzayo kanye ne-cathode zihlukaniswa yi-solvents ephilayo, futhi i-cobalt yensimbi itholwa ngezindlela ezinjengokukhipha, imvula, i-electrolysis, kanye ne-biology. I-Gongyi Xianwei Machinery Equipment Co., Ltd. icwaninge futhi yathuthukisa uhlobo olusha lwe-lithium battery positive electrode sheet crushing and recycling method, esebenzisa indlela eyomile yokuhlukanisa ngomshini. Uma kubhekwa ubunjalo bezinto ezingezinhle ze-electrode, zichotshozwa ngokwemvelo futhi zihlukaniswe. , Ukugaywa kabusha kwensimbi ye-aluminium, iphunga litholwa ngekhabhoni ecushwe yinkungu yamanzi, futhi uthuli luqoqwa ngemishini yokususa uthuli. Ingakwazi ukuvuselela ngokuphumelelayo izinto zensimbi ezibalulekile kumabhethri e-lithium futhi ivimbele ukuchithwa kwezinsiza kanye namasu okucubungula alandelayo. Ibhethri ye-lithium inokusebenza okuvelele kumishini yenqubo yeshidi le-electrode elihle. Iqaphela ngokuphumelelayo ukuthi izinto ezingalungile ze-electrode zebhethri ye-lithium imfucuza iyithusi ne-graphite, futhi ukukhishwa nokuhlukaniswa kwe-lithium aluminium cobaltate kunezinga lokuhlukanisa elingaphezu kuka-99%. Njengamanje ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe bokucubungula amabhethri e-lithium angcolile e-China. Le nkampani isungule ulayini wokukhiqiza ongu-500-1000kg ngehora, onconywe kakhulu iningi labasebenzisi. Ngakho-ke, ukwelashwa nokulahlwa kwemfucuza kuyibhethri ye-lithium yesayensi nephumelelayo, engenakho nje kuphela izinzuzo ezibalulekile zemvelo, kodwa futhi inezinzuzo ezinhle zezomnotho, ukuze ukukhishwa kothuli lwe-anode yebhethri ye-lithium kufinyelele izinga lokuphuma kuzwelonke ngaphambi kokuba likhishwe. ukuphakama okuphezulu, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo uyaqaphela ukugcwaliseka izinsimbi non-ayoni. Ukuhlukaniswa okusebenzayo nokuvuselelwa kabusha kwamabhethri e-lithium kuxazulule igebe ekwelapheni kwesayensi kwamabhethri e-lithium embonini, futhi kwengeze ubuhlakani kumbangela yokuvikela imvelo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuchotshozwa komthelela omanzi, ukuchotshozwa komthelela owomile kungenza izinto ezisebenzayo kube lula ukuzihlukanisa nomqoqi woketshezi, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphise ukungcola kwemikhiqizo echotshoziwe, futhi kube lula ukuhlukanisa nokubuyisela izinto ezilandelayo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukiswa kwemishini eluhlaza okotshani okugaywe kabusha kwamagesi angcolile ohlelweni olomile lokuchotshozwa kwamabhethri e-lithium, kanye nokulawulwa nokuguqulwa kokungcoliswa kwesibili ngesikhathi senqubo yokulungiswa kabusha kwenqubo yokugaywa kabusha kunezinzuzo ezinkulu zemvelo, ezomnotho nezenhlalo. Manje, i-Gongyi Ruisec Machinery Equipment Co., Ltd.

Ezimotweni zikagesi ezixubile (i-PHEV), impilo yebhethri yinde kakhulu. Phela, iphakethe lebhethri linenjini yokunikeza amandla uma ibhethri lifile. Izimoto ezivamile eziyingxubevange zisekela kuphela ukushaja okunensa kwe-AC, okunciphisa kakhulu izinga lokushisa eliphezulu elibangelwa ukushajwa nokushajwa kwebhethri. Kungakho bayanda abakhiqizi bezimoto zendabuko bakha izimoto eziyingxubevange.

Akubanga khona impumelelo enkulu kubuchwepheshe obungenasici kagesi kuze kube namuhla, futhi izimoto ezisebenza ngogesi zifaneleka kakhulu ukushayela emadolobheni. Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi ukushayela isikhathi eside kanye noma kabili ngeke kube nomthelela omkhulu ebhethrini, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuzonciphisa impilo yebhethri. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho uthenga imoto kagesi ehlanzekile, kubalulekile ukunaka uhla lokuhamba ngomkhumbi nokuthi ngabe kukhona yini uhlelo lokulawula izinga lokushisa oluhlakaniphile.